Augustalis ( fl. 5th century) was the first bishop of Toulon, according to some authorities. [1] He was appointed in 441. [2] He attended the Council of Orange that year, and the Council of Vaison the following. [3] He is associated with the civitas of Arles ( ancient Arelate) by the Martyrologium Hieronymianum, [4] which honors him on September 7. [5] He is also named by the Martyrologium romanum on that day, with his location noted as in Gallia. [6] An Augustalis, most likely this man, appears among a group of bishops addressed by Pope Leo I in letters dated 22 August 449 and 5 May 450, the latter of which addresses issues of jurisdiction between Arles and Vienne. [7]
The bishop, or another churchman named Augustalis in Gaul of the 5th century (possibly the 3rd [8]) was the author of a tract De ratione Paschae, a table or laterculus on calculating the Paschal cycle. He is referenced in the Carthaginian Computus of 455, [9] preserved in an 8th-century chronographical manuscript in the cathedral library at Lucca. [10]
The table itself is not extant and the description of it is insufficient for reconstruction. Augustalis reckoned that the Crucifixion took place on 25 March in the year 28, [11] on the 14th day of the moon. The dating of the Passion to 28 agrees with that of Prosper Tiro. [12] The base date of Augustalis's laterculus was the year 213. It covered a hundred years, ending in 312. [13] Augustalis worked with, or is thought sometimes even to have originated, the 84-year Metonic cycle usually associated, like the date of March 25 for Easter, with the Celtic tradition of Christianity in Gaul and the Celtic Islands, including Hibernia ( Ireland) and Britannia ( Britain). [14] This cycle is characterized by a 14th-year saltus lunae ("leap" of the moon), a day added to the epact to reconcile the lunar year to the solar (compare leap year). [15]
Although the author of the Carthaginian Computus takes note of Augustalis as a man "of most sainted memory," [16] he points out several errors in his computations. [17]
The 19th-century German scholar Bruno Krusch placed Augustalis in the 3rd century [18] and thought that the supputatio Romana, an 84-year Roman table, [19] was derived from the table of Augustalis, which he further identified as the "old table" (vetus laterculus) referenced in a Paschal prologue in a manuscript at Cologne. [20] The "old table" is more often assumed to be the 112-year table of Hippolytus. [21] Eduard Schwartz criticized the views of Krusch, asserting that the table of Augustalis was never used in Rome and that it represented an "eccentric version" of the 84-year cycle used by the insular Celtic churches. He places Augustalis in the 5th century. [22]
Augustalis ( fl. 5th century) was the first bishop of Toulon, according to some authorities. [1] He was appointed in 441. [2] He attended the Council of Orange that year, and the Council of Vaison the following. [3] He is associated with the civitas of Arles ( ancient Arelate) by the Martyrologium Hieronymianum, [4] which honors him on September 7. [5] He is also named by the Martyrologium romanum on that day, with his location noted as in Gallia. [6] An Augustalis, most likely this man, appears among a group of bishops addressed by Pope Leo I in letters dated 22 August 449 and 5 May 450, the latter of which addresses issues of jurisdiction between Arles and Vienne. [7]
The bishop, or another churchman named Augustalis in Gaul of the 5th century (possibly the 3rd [8]) was the author of a tract De ratione Paschae, a table or laterculus on calculating the Paschal cycle. He is referenced in the Carthaginian Computus of 455, [9] preserved in an 8th-century chronographical manuscript in the cathedral library at Lucca. [10]
The table itself is not extant and the description of it is insufficient for reconstruction. Augustalis reckoned that the Crucifixion took place on 25 March in the year 28, [11] on the 14th day of the moon. The dating of the Passion to 28 agrees with that of Prosper Tiro. [12] The base date of Augustalis's laterculus was the year 213. It covered a hundred years, ending in 312. [13] Augustalis worked with, or is thought sometimes even to have originated, the 84-year Metonic cycle usually associated, like the date of March 25 for Easter, with the Celtic tradition of Christianity in Gaul and the Celtic Islands, including Hibernia ( Ireland) and Britannia ( Britain). [14] This cycle is characterized by a 14th-year saltus lunae ("leap" of the moon), a day added to the epact to reconcile the lunar year to the solar (compare leap year). [15]
Although the author of the Carthaginian Computus takes note of Augustalis as a man "of most sainted memory," [16] he points out several errors in his computations. [17]
The 19th-century German scholar Bruno Krusch placed Augustalis in the 3rd century [18] and thought that the supputatio Romana, an 84-year Roman table, [19] was derived from the table of Augustalis, which he further identified as the "old table" (vetus laterculus) referenced in a Paschal prologue in a manuscript at Cologne. [20] The "old table" is more often assumed to be the 112-year table of Hippolytus. [21] Eduard Schwartz criticized the views of Krusch, asserting that the table of Augustalis was never used in Rome and that it represented an "eccentric version" of the 84-year cycle used by the insular Celtic churches. He places Augustalis in the 5th century. [22]