Arisaema heterophyllum | |
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Scientific classification
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Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Alismatales |
Family: | Araceae |
Genus: | Arisaema |
Species: | A. heterophyllum
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Binomial name | |
Arisaema heterophyllum |
Arisaema heterophyllum, the dancing crane cobra lily, belongs to the monocotyledonous flowering family Araceae. [1] It is a perennial, rhizomatous herb native to East Asia. [1] [2] It has a spadix inflorescence and can be recognized by its green spathe and comparatively smaller central leaflet. [3]
The rhizome is often used in Chinese traditional medicine as a treatment for coughs, epilepsy, and tetanus. [3] It is prepared using ginger and potassium aluminum sulphate for purifying purposes. [4]
The roots are tubular, depressed globose shaped, and around 2–6 cm in diameter. [3] The usually solitary leaves are around 30–60 cm long, with glaucous petioles and sheathing adjacent to the pseudostem. [2] They are sedately divided, adaxially dull green and abaxially pale green, and contain 4 or 5 cataphylls and multiple leaflets, ranging from 11 to 21 in number. [2] The central leaflet is 3–15 cm long and 0.7-5.8 cm wide; the outermost leaflets are smaller. The distance between leaflets is around 0.5–5 cm. [2] The leaves have a variety of shapes, such as oblanceolate, oblong, linear-oblong, base cuneate, and apex cuneate. [3]
The peduncle of the flower is around 50–80 cm long, and is usually longer than the petiole. [3] The flower also has a spathe tube that is cylindrical, 3.2–8 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, outside glaucous, inside whitish green, and its throat is slightly recurved. [2] The spadix of the flower is either bisexual or monoecious and male. [3] In the female part of the bisexual spadix it has a punctate stigma, a distinct style, and a globose ovary that contains 3 to 4 ovules; the male part contains sterile flowers. [3] The anthers of the male spadix has thecae dehiscing by the apical slits. [3] The pale white sigmoid appendix is 20 cm long, ascending, and gradually tapers from the sessile base to sharp apex. [2] The flowering period usually starts in April or May, and continues from July to September. [3] The fruits are cylindrical yellowish red or red berries that usually have 1 seed. [3]
Arisaema heterophyllum is native to East Asia, including China, Inner Mongolia, Japan, and Korea. [5] In China, it is grown across different provinces except for the Northwest region and Tibet. [6] In Japan, it is grown in Honshu and Kyushu. [7]
The species tends to grow in evergreen and deciduous riparian forests, shrublands, wetlands (inland) or grassland where shade is available and moisture is retained. [1] [7] It is closely associated with flood plains and prefers humus-rich and well-draining soil. The tuber is intolerant to low temperatures. [1] In Japan, it is considered a threatened species due to the loss of riparian forest along the major rivers of Kanto Plain. [8]
The plant contains Arisaema heterophyllum agglutinin (AHA), [9] a substance that can cause blood particles to coagulate and aggregate. It was revealed that AHA had negative effects towards the feeding behaviour of the Indian Grain Aphid ( Sitobion miscanthi), causing the aphids' lifespan to reduce significantly. [9] Resistance towards Indian Grain Aphids in wheats was observed to have improved after intruding AHA to the plants. [9]
Many species within the genus Arisaema have medicinal uses in Chinese medicine. [3]
Arisaema heterophyllum | |
---|---|
| |
Scientific classification
![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Alismatales |
Family: | Araceae |
Genus: | Arisaema |
Species: | A. heterophyllum
|
Binomial name | |
Arisaema heterophyllum |
Arisaema heterophyllum, the dancing crane cobra lily, belongs to the monocotyledonous flowering family Araceae. [1] It is a perennial, rhizomatous herb native to East Asia. [1] [2] It has a spadix inflorescence and can be recognized by its green spathe and comparatively smaller central leaflet. [3]
The rhizome is often used in Chinese traditional medicine as a treatment for coughs, epilepsy, and tetanus. [3] It is prepared using ginger and potassium aluminum sulphate for purifying purposes. [4]
The roots are tubular, depressed globose shaped, and around 2–6 cm in diameter. [3] The usually solitary leaves are around 30–60 cm long, with glaucous petioles and sheathing adjacent to the pseudostem. [2] They are sedately divided, adaxially dull green and abaxially pale green, and contain 4 or 5 cataphylls and multiple leaflets, ranging from 11 to 21 in number. [2] The central leaflet is 3–15 cm long and 0.7-5.8 cm wide; the outermost leaflets are smaller. The distance between leaflets is around 0.5–5 cm. [2] The leaves have a variety of shapes, such as oblanceolate, oblong, linear-oblong, base cuneate, and apex cuneate. [3]
The peduncle of the flower is around 50–80 cm long, and is usually longer than the petiole. [3] The flower also has a spathe tube that is cylindrical, 3.2–8 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, outside glaucous, inside whitish green, and its throat is slightly recurved. [2] The spadix of the flower is either bisexual or monoecious and male. [3] In the female part of the bisexual spadix it has a punctate stigma, a distinct style, and a globose ovary that contains 3 to 4 ovules; the male part contains sterile flowers. [3] The anthers of the male spadix has thecae dehiscing by the apical slits. [3] The pale white sigmoid appendix is 20 cm long, ascending, and gradually tapers from the sessile base to sharp apex. [2] The flowering period usually starts in April or May, and continues from July to September. [3] The fruits are cylindrical yellowish red or red berries that usually have 1 seed. [3]
Arisaema heterophyllum is native to East Asia, including China, Inner Mongolia, Japan, and Korea. [5] In China, it is grown across different provinces except for the Northwest region and Tibet. [6] In Japan, it is grown in Honshu and Kyushu. [7]
The species tends to grow in evergreen and deciduous riparian forests, shrublands, wetlands (inland) or grassland where shade is available and moisture is retained. [1] [7] It is closely associated with flood plains and prefers humus-rich and well-draining soil. The tuber is intolerant to low temperatures. [1] In Japan, it is considered a threatened species due to the loss of riparian forest along the major rivers of Kanto Plain. [8]
The plant contains Arisaema heterophyllum agglutinin (AHA), [9] a substance that can cause blood particles to coagulate and aggregate. It was revealed that AHA had negative effects towards the feeding behaviour of the Indian Grain Aphid ( Sitobion miscanthi), causing the aphids' lifespan to reduce significantly. [9] Resistance towards Indian Grain Aphids in wheats was observed to have improved after intruding AHA to the plants. [9]
Many species within the genus Arisaema have medicinal uses in Chinese medicine. [3]