| Archostemata Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Tenomerga mucida | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: |
Archostemata Kolbe, 1908 |
| Families | |
|
Crowsoniellidae | |
The Archostemata are the smallest suborder of beetles, consisting 45 living species in five families. [1] They are an ancient lineage with a number of primitive characteristics. Antennae may be thread-shaped (filiform) or like a string of beads (moniliform). This suborder also contains the only beetles where both sexes are paedogenic, Micromalthus debilis. Modern archostematan beetles are considered rare, but were more diverse during the Mesozoic. The term "Archostemata" is used more broadly by some authors to include both modern archostematans as well as stem-group beetles like " protocoleopterans", which some modern archostematans closely resemble to due to their plesiomorphic morphology. [2] Genetic research suggests that modern archostematans are a monophyletic group. Some genetic studies have recovered archostematans as the sister group of Myxophaga. [1]
Taxonomy
There are five extant families. [3] [4]
- Family Crowsoniellidae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1983
- Family Cupedidae Laporte, 1838
- Family Micromalthidae Barber, 1913
- Family Ommatidae Sharp and Muir, 1912
- Family Jurodidae Ponomarenko, 1985
See also
References
- ^ a b Hörnschemeyer, Thomas (July 2009). "The species-level phylogeny of archostematan beetles—where do Micromalthus debilis and Crowsoniella relicta belong?". Systematic Entomology. 34 (3): 533–558. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00476.x. S2CID 84795808.
- ^ Boudinot, Brendon Elias; Yan, Evgeny Viktorovich; Prokop, Jakub; Luo, Xiao‐Zhu; Beutel, Rolf Georg (2022-07-28). "Permian parallelisms: Reanalysis of †Tshekardocoleidae sheds light on the earliest evolution of the Coleoptera". Systematic Entomology. 48: 69–96. doi: 10.1111/syen.12562. ISSN 0307-6970. S2CID 251171914.
- ^ Patrice Bouchard; Yves Bousquet; Anthony E. Davies; Miguel A. Alonso-Zarazaga; John F. Lawrence; Chris H. C. Lyal; Alfred F. Newton; Chris A. M. Reid; Michael Schmitt; S. Adam Ślipiński; Andrew B. T. Smith (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
- ^ Bouchard, P.; Bousquet, Y. (2020). "Additions and corrections to "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)"". ZooKeys (922): 65–139. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.922.46367. PMC 7113323. PMID 32256157.
External links
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|
| Archostemata Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Tenomerga mucida | |
|
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: |
Archostemata Kolbe, 1908 |
| Families | |
|
Crowsoniellidae | |
The Archostemata are the smallest suborder of beetles, consisting 45 living species in five families. [1] They are an ancient lineage with a number of primitive characteristics. Antennae may be thread-shaped (filiform) or like a string of beads (moniliform). This suborder also contains the only beetles where both sexes are paedogenic, Micromalthus debilis. Modern archostematan beetles are considered rare, but were more diverse during the Mesozoic. The term "Archostemata" is used more broadly by some authors to include both modern archostematans as well as stem-group beetles like " protocoleopterans", which some modern archostematans closely resemble to due to their plesiomorphic morphology. [2] Genetic research suggests that modern archostematans are a monophyletic group. Some genetic studies have recovered archostematans as the sister group of Myxophaga. [1]
Taxonomy
There are five extant families. [3] [4]
- Family Crowsoniellidae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1983
- Family Cupedidae Laporte, 1838
- Family Micromalthidae Barber, 1913
- Family Ommatidae Sharp and Muir, 1912
- Family Jurodidae Ponomarenko, 1985
See also
References
- ^ a b Hörnschemeyer, Thomas (July 2009). "The species-level phylogeny of archostematan beetles—where do Micromalthus debilis and Crowsoniella relicta belong?". Systematic Entomology. 34 (3): 533–558. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00476.x. S2CID 84795808.
- ^ Boudinot, Brendon Elias; Yan, Evgeny Viktorovich; Prokop, Jakub; Luo, Xiao‐Zhu; Beutel, Rolf Georg (2022-07-28). "Permian parallelisms: Reanalysis of †Tshekardocoleidae sheds light on the earliest evolution of the Coleoptera". Systematic Entomology. 48: 69–96. doi: 10.1111/syen.12562. ISSN 0307-6970. S2CID 251171914.
- ^ Patrice Bouchard; Yves Bousquet; Anthony E. Davies; Miguel A. Alonso-Zarazaga; John F. Lawrence; Chris H. C. Lyal; Alfred F. Newton; Chris A. M. Reid; Michael Schmitt; S. Adam Ślipiński; Andrew B. T. Smith (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
- ^ Bouchard, P.; Bousquet, Y. (2020). "Additions and corrections to "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)"". ZooKeys (922): 65–139. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.922.46367. PMC 7113323. PMID 32256157.
External links
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|