Apophysis (plural apophyses): An outgrowth or process changing the general shape of a body part, particularly the appendages; often used in describing the male
pedipalp:[2] see
retrolateral tibial apophysis
Atrium (plural atria): An internal chamber at the entrance to the
copulation duct in female
haplogyne spiders[2]
Book lungs: Respiratory organs on the ventral side (underside) of the
abdomen, in front of the
epigastric furrow, opening through narrow slits;[3] see also
Book lungs
Calamistrum (plural calamistra): Modified setae (bristles) on the
metatarsus of the fourth leg of spiders with a
cribellum, arranged in one or more rows or in an oval shape, used to comb silk produced by the cribellum; see also
Calamistrum
Cephalothorax or prosoma: One of the two main body parts (
tagmata), located towards the
anterior end, composed of the head (
cephalic region or caput) and the thorax (thoracic region), the two regions being separated by the
cervical groove; covered by the
carapace and bearing the
eyes, legs,
pedipalps and mouthparts[3]
Cervical groove: A shallow U-shaped groove, separating the
cephalic and thoracic regions of the
carapace[3]
Chelate: A description of a
chelicera where the
fang closes against a tooth-like process[1]
Chelicera (plural chelicerae): One of two appendages at the front of the
carapace, made up of basal portion, the
paturon, and the
fang;[5] sometimes called the jaw; see also
Chelicerae
Cheliceral furrow: A shallow groove on the basal portion of a
chelicera accommodating the
fang, usually having
teeth on its margins[6]
Cheliceral tooth: A tooth-like extension on the margin of the
cheliceral furrow[7]
Chilum: A small hardened plate (sclerite) at the base of the
chelicerae, under the
clypeus[7]
Claw tuft: A dense group of hairs or bristles (setae) underneath the paired
tarsal claws, usually well developed in hunting spiders[6]
The clypeus of this
jumping spider is covered with red scales.
Clypeus: The area of the
carapace between the anterior (frontmost)
eyes and the anterior edge of the carapace[6]
Colulus: A short protuberance in the middle of the underside of the
abdomen in front of the
spinnerets, considered to be a modification of the
cribellum[6]
Copulatory duct: An internal tube (duct) from the
copulatory opening through which sperm enters the female; separate from the duct through which fertilized eggs pass in
entelegyne spiders[8]
Copulatory opening: An opening in the ventral
abdomen of female spiders; in
entelegyne spiders, a double opening in the
epigyne through which the
embolus is inserted; in
haplogyne spiders, a single opening through which male
palpal bulb is inserted[6]
Cribellum: A sieve-like plate in front of the
spinnerets, used in conjunction with the
calamistrum; spiders with a cribellum are called cribellate, those without ecribellate;[4] see also
Cribellum
Dorsum: The upper (dorsal) portion or surface of the body or
abdomen; the adjective dorsal may be applied to the upper portion or surface of any part of the body; see
ventrum
Endosternite: An internal hardened plate (sclerite)[9]
Entelegyne: A spider whose female has an
epigyne and separate ducts leading to
spermathecae for sperm storage and to the uterus for fertilization,[6] creating a "flow-through" system; see
haplogyne; see also
Entelegynae
Basic arrangement of spider eyes, viewed from aboveArrangement of eyes in most
Salticidae, viewed from above
Epigastric furrow or epigastric fold: A transverse slit towards the front (anterior) of underside of the
abdomen; the front pair of
book lungs open at the edge of this furrow as do the genital openings (
gonopores)[10]
Epigyne or epigynum (plural epigynes): A hardened plate on the underside of the female
abdomen in which the
copulatory openings are located; only fully developed in mature females of
entelegyne spiders;[6] see also
Epigyne
Eyes: The basic number of eyes is eight, typically arranged in two rows (e.g. as in
Gnaphosidae); the front row are the anterior eyes, the row behind the posterior eyes; the four eyes to the edges are the lateral eyes, the four eyes in the centre the median eyes; the anterior median eyes are called the main eyes or direct eyes, while the other eyes are called the secondary eyes or indirect eyes; the number of eyes, their sizes and arrangement varies widely and is characteristic of spider families; see
main eye,
secondary eye
F
Fang: The final hinged part of the
chelicera, normally folded down into a groove in the basal part of the chelicera; venom is injected via an opening near the tip of the fang[11]
Larinioides cornutus spider showing folium on abdomen
Folium: A broad leaf-like marking along the medial line of the top of the
abdomen
Fossa (plural fossae): A pit or depression, typically in the
epigyne[12]
Fovea (also called thoracic furrow or dorsal groove): A depression or pit in the centre of the
carapace of a spider marking an inward projection of the exoskeleton to which stomach muscles are attached[13][14]
Gonopore: The genital opening; located in the
epigastric furrow; the opening of the duct from the uterus in females and from the testes in males;[9] see also
Gonopore
H
Haematodocha (also spelled hematodocha): see
palpal bulb
Haplogyne: A spider whose female lacks an
epigyne and in which the same ducts are used to transport sperm to the uterus and to the
spermathecae;[15] see
entelegyne; see also
Haplogynae
Heart mark: A narrow marking along the top of the
abdomen roughly corresponding to the location of the heart
L
Labio-sternum mound: A mound separating the
labium from the
sternum, found in some
tarantulas, where it can be a diagnostic feature[16]
Lateral (applied to appendages): Viewed from above or below, the sides of the leg or
pedipalp, i.e. the surfaces parallel to the line of sight; see
prolateral,
retrolateral
Laterigrade: With legs directed to the side, hence appearing like and moving like a crab;[17] see
prograde
Leg formula: The legs are numbered from the front from I to IV; the relative length of the legs can be represented by four numbers from the longest to the shortest; e.g. 1423 = first leg (leg I) is longest and third leg (leg III) is shortest[17]
Main eye: One of the two anterior median eyes (AME) that have the light-detecting units (rhabdomeres) pointing towards the source; particularly enlarged in the families
Salticidae and
Thomisidae;[18] see
secondary eye,
eyes
Mastidion (plural mastidia): A projection or bump on the chelicerae (not to be confused with
teeth)
Maxilla (plural maxillae; also called endite or gnathocoxa): Modified
coxa of the
pedipalp, used in feeding;[14][6] not the structure called by this name in other arthropods, for which see
Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart)
Operculum or branchial operculum (plural opercula): One of the plates on the
ventral surface of the
abdomen, just in front of the
epigastric furrow, covering the
book lungs, often pale, yellow or orange in colour; two pairs in
Mygalomorphae, one pair in other spiders[1]
Highly simplified and stylized diagram of the main parts of an inflated palpal bulb, based loosely on Coddington (1990);[19] hardened parts shown darker, membranous parts shown lighter
Palpal bulb (also called bulbus, palpal organ, genital bulb): The copulatory organ of the male spider, carried on the modified last segment of the
pedipalp, used to transfer sperm to the female;[20] see also
Palpal bulb
Conductor: A part of the palpal bulb that accompanies and supports the embolus[6]
Embolus: The final part of the palpal bulb containing the end of the sperm duct, usually thin, sharp-tipped and strongly hardened (sclerotized)[6]
Haematodocha (plural haematodochae): A membranous, inflatable part of the palpal bulb[10]
Median apophysis: A projection (apophysis) of the palpal bulb, below the conductor
Subtegulum: A hardened part of the palpal bulb nearer its base than the tegulum
Tegulum: The main hardened part of the palpal bulb
Pedipalp (plural pedipalps or pedipalpi; also called just palp): The second appendage of the
cephalothorax in front of the first leg; bears the
palpal bulb in male spiders;[10] see
segments, see also
Pedipalp
Plumose: Used to describe hairs (
setae) having outgrowths or appendages on two sides, giving a feather-like appearance; the appendages vary in number, size and arrangement[23]
Postembryo (also called larva): The stage of development between hatching from the egg and first molting
Procurved: Used to describe a structure which is curved in such a way that the outer edges are in front of the central part;[22] opposite
recurved
Prolateral: Viewed from above or below, the side of a leg or
pedipalp nearest the mouth, i.e. the side facing forward; opposite
retrolateral (includes diagram)
Rastellum (plural rastella): An often rake-like structure at end of the
chelicera in
mygalomorph spiders; used in burrowing[22]
Rebordered: Having a thickened edge (i.e. border)[24] (more rarely seen as reborded, from the French rebordé, e.g. in Levy (1984)[25]); particularly used of the
labium
Terminology of appendage surfaces
Receptaculum (plural receptacula): see
spermatheca
Recurved: Used to describe a structure which is curved in such a way that the outer edges are behind the central part;[22] opposite
procurved
Retrolateral: Viewed from above or below, the side of a leg or
pedipalp furthest from the mouth, i.e. the side facing backwards; opposite
prolateral
Retrolateral tibial apophysis: A backward-facing projection on the tibia of the male
pedipalp; distinguishing feature of the
RTA clade
Retromarginal: The side of the
cheliceral furrow facing backward (towards the posterior end of the spider); particularly used for describing
teeth; opposite
promarginal
Scape: An elongated process or appendage of some
epigyne[26]
Sclerite: A single hardened (sclerotized) part of the external covering (tegument, exoskeleton)[24]
Scopula (plural scopulae): A brush of hairs (setae); called a
claw tuft when on the end of the foot (tarsus), where it improves adhesion[22][27]
Scutum (plural scuta): A hardened (sclerotized) plate on the
abdomen of some spiders
Secondary eye: An eye belonging to the three pairs – anterior lateral eyes (ALE), posterior median eyes (PME) and posterior lateral eyes (PLE) – that are primarily movement detectors and have the light-detecting units (rhabdomeres) pointing away from the source;[28] see
main eye,
eyes
Pedipalp and leg of a female spider from the underside; the coxa of the pedipalp is heavily modified to form the maxilla
Coxa (plural coxae): First leg segment, between body and trochanter; the coxa of the
pedipalp is heavily modified to form the
maxilla or endite
Trochanter: Second leg segment, between coxa and femur
Femur (plural femora): Third leg segment, between trochanter and patella
Patella (plural patellae): Fourth leg segment, between femur and tibia
Tibia (plural tibiae): Fifth leg segment, between patella and metatarsus
Metatarsus (plural metatarsi; also called basitarsus): Sixth leg segment, between tibia and tarsus; absent in the
pedipalp
Tarsus (plural tarsi; also called telotarsus): Seventh (last) leg segment, after the metatarsus
Serrula: A row of tiny teeth along the edge of the
maxilla
Seta (plural setae): A bristle;[22] spiders have a variety of hair-like structures of increasing size that are referred to as hairs, bristles (setae) or
spines[29]
Sigillum (plural sigilla): A circular indentation on the outside of the spider, showing where an internal muscle is attached;[30] particularly on the
sternum in some
Mygalomorphae and on the
dorsum in some
Araneomorphae[22]
Sperm duct: A duct in the male
palpal bulb used to store sperm[22]
Spermatheca (plural spermathecae; also called receptulacum, receptulacum seminis): A structure in the
abdomen of female spiders used to store sperm after insemination and before fertilization;[22] see also
Spermatheca
Spigot: A small pointed or cylindrical structure at the tip of a
spinneret from which silk emerges[22]
Spine: A pointed, rigid structure on body and legs, usually with a basal joint;[31] spiders have a variety of hair-like structures of increasing size that are referred to as hairs, bristles (setae) or spines[29]
Spinneret: An appendage borne on the
abdomen, typically one of six arranged in three pairs: anterior (anterior median, AMS), median (posterior median, PMS) and posterior (posterior lateral, PLS); silk emerges from small
spigots on the spinnerets;[31][1] see also
Spinneret
Sternum: The lower (ventral) portion of the
cephalothorax
Stridulating organ: A series of thin ridges on a hardened part of the body; rubbing this with a matching series of short, stiff bristles (setae) elsewhere on the body creates a sound[31]
Subadult: A spider in the last stage of development (penultimate instar) before becoming a sexually mature adult
Tapetum (plural tapeta): A light-reflecting layer in a
secondary eye making the eye appear pale[31]
Tarsal claw (claw): One of a set of claws at the tip of the
tarsus; there may be a single pair, often concealed in a
claw tuft, or an additional third central claw, much smaller than the other two[31]
Tarsal organ: a small pit, usually spherical and on the
dorsal surface of each
tarsus, believed to respond to
humidity[32]
Trachea (plural tracheae): A thin hardened internal tube, part of the respiratory system in many
araneomorph spiders; opens on the underside of the
abdomen via a tracheal spiracle;[33] see
Trachea § Invertebrates
Trichobothrium (plural trichobothria): A slender hair-like structure of variable length on the legs and
pedipalps, arising from a special socket; used to detect air movements, including sounds;[34] see
seta,
spine
Venter (or ventrum): The lower (ventral) portion or surface of the body or
abdomen; the adjective ventral may be applied to the lower portion or surface of any part of the body; see
dorsum
^Coddington, J.A. (1990). "Ontogeny and homology in the male palpus of orb-weaving spiders and their relatives, with comments on phylogeny (Araneoclada: Araneoidea, Deinopoidea)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 496 (496): 1–52.
doi:
10.5479/si.00810282.496. Figs 5–8{{
citation}}: CS1 maint: postscript (
link)
Comstock, John Henry (1920) [First published 1912]. The Spider Book. Doubleday, Page & Company.
Foelix, Rainer F. (2011). Biology of Spiders (3rd p/b ed.). Oxford University Press.
ISBN978-0-19-973482-5.
Jocqué, R. & Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. (2007).
Spider Families of the World(PDF) (2nd ed.). Tervuren (Belgium): Royal Museum for Central Africa. Retrieved 2019-07-04.
Roberts, Michael J. (1995). Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. London: HarperCollins.
ISBN978-0-00-219981-0.
Saaristo, M.I. (2010). "Araneae". In Gerlach, J. & Marusik, Y. (eds.). Arachnida and Myriapoda of the Seychelles Islands. Manchester, UK: Siri Scientific Press. pp. 8–306.
ISBN978-0-9558636-8-4.
Smith, A.M. (1990). Baboon spiders: Tarantulas of Africa and the Middle East. London: Fitzgerald Publishing.
Ubick, Darrell; Paquin, Pierre; Cushing, Paula E.; Roth, Vincent, eds. (2009). Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual (1st ed.). American Arachnological Society.
ISBN978-0977143900.
Apophysis (plural apophyses): An outgrowth or process changing the general shape of a body part, particularly the appendages; often used in describing the male
pedipalp:[2] see
retrolateral tibial apophysis
Atrium (plural atria): An internal chamber at the entrance to the
copulation duct in female
haplogyne spiders[2]
Book lungs: Respiratory organs on the ventral side (underside) of the
abdomen, in front of the
epigastric furrow, opening through narrow slits;[3] see also
Book lungs
Calamistrum (plural calamistra): Modified setae (bristles) on the
metatarsus of the fourth leg of spiders with a
cribellum, arranged in one or more rows or in an oval shape, used to comb silk produced by the cribellum; see also
Calamistrum
Cephalothorax or prosoma: One of the two main body parts (
tagmata), located towards the
anterior end, composed of the head (
cephalic region or caput) and the thorax (thoracic region), the two regions being separated by the
cervical groove; covered by the
carapace and bearing the
eyes, legs,
pedipalps and mouthparts[3]
Cervical groove: A shallow U-shaped groove, separating the
cephalic and thoracic regions of the
carapace[3]
Chelate: A description of a
chelicera where the
fang closes against a tooth-like process[1]
Chelicera (plural chelicerae): One of two appendages at the front of the
carapace, made up of basal portion, the
paturon, and the
fang;[5] sometimes called the jaw; see also
Chelicerae
Cheliceral furrow: A shallow groove on the basal portion of a
chelicera accommodating the
fang, usually having
teeth on its margins[6]
Cheliceral tooth: A tooth-like extension on the margin of the
cheliceral furrow[7]
Chilum: A small hardened plate (sclerite) at the base of the
chelicerae, under the
clypeus[7]
Claw tuft: A dense group of hairs or bristles (setae) underneath the paired
tarsal claws, usually well developed in hunting spiders[6]
The clypeus of this
jumping spider is covered with red scales.
Clypeus: The area of the
carapace between the anterior (frontmost)
eyes and the anterior edge of the carapace[6]
Colulus: A short protuberance in the middle of the underside of the
abdomen in front of the
spinnerets, considered to be a modification of the
cribellum[6]
Copulatory duct: An internal tube (duct) from the
copulatory opening through which sperm enters the female; separate from the duct through which fertilized eggs pass in
entelegyne spiders[8]
Copulatory opening: An opening in the ventral
abdomen of female spiders; in
entelegyne spiders, a double opening in the
epigyne through which the
embolus is inserted; in
haplogyne spiders, a single opening through which male
palpal bulb is inserted[6]
Cribellum: A sieve-like plate in front of the
spinnerets, used in conjunction with the
calamistrum; spiders with a cribellum are called cribellate, those without ecribellate;[4] see also
Cribellum
Dorsum: The upper (dorsal) portion or surface of the body or
abdomen; the adjective dorsal may be applied to the upper portion or surface of any part of the body; see
ventrum
Endosternite: An internal hardened plate (sclerite)[9]
Entelegyne: A spider whose female has an
epigyne and separate ducts leading to
spermathecae for sperm storage and to the uterus for fertilization,[6] creating a "flow-through" system; see
haplogyne; see also
Entelegynae
Basic arrangement of spider eyes, viewed from aboveArrangement of eyes in most
Salticidae, viewed from above
Epigastric furrow or epigastric fold: A transverse slit towards the front (anterior) of underside of the
abdomen; the front pair of
book lungs open at the edge of this furrow as do the genital openings (
gonopores)[10]
Epigyne or epigynum (plural epigynes): A hardened plate on the underside of the female
abdomen in which the
copulatory openings are located; only fully developed in mature females of
entelegyne spiders;[6] see also
Epigyne
Eyes: The basic number of eyes is eight, typically arranged in two rows (e.g. as in
Gnaphosidae); the front row are the anterior eyes, the row behind the posterior eyes; the four eyes to the edges are the lateral eyes, the four eyes in the centre the median eyes; the anterior median eyes are called the main eyes or direct eyes, while the other eyes are called the secondary eyes or indirect eyes; the number of eyes, their sizes and arrangement varies widely and is characteristic of spider families; see
main eye,
secondary eye
F
Fang: The final hinged part of the
chelicera, normally folded down into a groove in the basal part of the chelicera; venom is injected via an opening near the tip of the fang[11]
Larinioides cornutus spider showing folium on abdomen
Folium: A broad leaf-like marking along the medial line of the top of the
abdomen
Fossa (plural fossae): A pit or depression, typically in the
epigyne[12]
Fovea (also called thoracic furrow or dorsal groove): A depression or pit in the centre of the
carapace of a spider marking an inward projection of the exoskeleton to which stomach muscles are attached[13][14]
Gonopore: The genital opening; located in the
epigastric furrow; the opening of the duct from the uterus in females and from the testes in males;[9] see also
Gonopore
H
Haematodocha (also spelled hematodocha): see
palpal bulb
Haplogyne: A spider whose female lacks an
epigyne and in which the same ducts are used to transport sperm to the uterus and to the
spermathecae;[15] see
entelegyne; see also
Haplogynae
Heart mark: A narrow marking along the top of the
abdomen roughly corresponding to the location of the heart
L
Labio-sternum mound: A mound separating the
labium from the
sternum, found in some
tarantulas, where it can be a diagnostic feature[16]
Lateral (applied to appendages): Viewed from above or below, the sides of the leg or
pedipalp, i.e. the surfaces parallel to the line of sight; see
prolateral,
retrolateral
Laterigrade: With legs directed to the side, hence appearing like and moving like a crab;[17] see
prograde
Leg formula: The legs are numbered from the front from I to IV; the relative length of the legs can be represented by four numbers from the longest to the shortest; e.g. 1423 = first leg (leg I) is longest and third leg (leg III) is shortest[17]
Main eye: One of the two anterior median eyes (AME) that have the light-detecting units (rhabdomeres) pointing towards the source; particularly enlarged in the families
Salticidae and
Thomisidae;[18] see
secondary eye,
eyes
Mastidion (plural mastidia): A projection or bump on the chelicerae (not to be confused with
teeth)
Maxilla (plural maxillae; also called endite or gnathocoxa): Modified
coxa of the
pedipalp, used in feeding;[14][6] not the structure called by this name in other arthropods, for which see
Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart)
Operculum or branchial operculum (plural opercula): One of the plates on the
ventral surface of the
abdomen, just in front of the
epigastric furrow, covering the
book lungs, often pale, yellow or orange in colour; two pairs in
Mygalomorphae, one pair in other spiders[1]
Highly simplified and stylized diagram of the main parts of an inflated palpal bulb, based loosely on Coddington (1990);[19] hardened parts shown darker, membranous parts shown lighter
Palpal bulb (also called bulbus, palpal organ, genital bulb): The copulatory organ of the male spider, carried on the modified last segment of the
pedipalp, used to transfer sperm to the female;[20] see also
Palpal bulb
Conductor: A part of the palpal bulb that accompanies and supports the embolus[6]
Embolus: The final part of the palpal bulb containing the end of the sperm duct, usually thin, sharp-tipped and strongly hardened (sclerotized)[6]
Haematodocha (plural haematodochae): A membranous, inflatable part of the palpal bulb[10]
Median apophysis: A projection (apophysis) of the palpal bulb, below the conductor
Subtegulum: A hardened part of the palpal bulb nearer its base than the tegulum
Tegulum: The main hardened part of the palpal bulb
Pedipalp (plural pedipalps or pedipalpi; also called just palp): The second appendage of the
cephalothorax in front of the first leg; bears the
palpal bulb in male spiders;[10] see
segments, see also
Pedipalp
Plumose: Used to describe hairs (
setae) having outgrowths or appendages on two sides, giving a feather-like appearance; the appendages vary in number, size and arrangement[23]
Postembryo (also called larva): The stage of development between hatching from the egg and first molting
Procurved: Used to describe a structure which is curved in such a way that the outer edges are in front of the central part;[22] opposite
recurved
Prolateral: Viewed from above or below, the side of a leg or
pedipalp nearest the mouth, i.e. the side facing forward; opposite
retrolateral (includes diagram)
Rastellum (plural rastella): An often rake-like structure at end of the
chelicera in
mygalomorph spiders; used in burrowing[22]
Rebordered: Having a thickened edge (i.e. border)[24] (more rarely seen as reborded, from the French rebordé, e.g. in Levy (1984)[25]); particularly used of the
labium
Terminology of appendage surfaces
Receptaculum (plural receptacula): see
spermatheca
Recurved: Used to describe a structure which is curved in such a way that the outer edges are behind the central part;[22] opposite
procurved
Retrolateral: Viewed from above or below, the side of a leg or
pedipalp furthest from the mouth, i.e. the side facing backwards; opposite
prolateral
Retrolateral tibial apophysis: A backward-facing projection on the tibia of the male
pedipalp; distinguishing feature of the
RTA clade
Retromarginal: The side of the
cheliceral furrow facing backward (towards the posterior end of the spider); particularly used for describing
teeth; opposite
promarginal
Scape: An elongated process or appendage of some
epigyne[26]
Sclerite: A single hardened (sclerotized) part of the external covering (tegument, exoskeleton)[24]
Scopula (plural scopulae): A brush of hairs (setae); called a
claw tuft when on the end of the foot (tarsus), where it improves adhesion[22][27]
Scutum (plural scuta): A hardened (sclerotized) plate on the
abdomen of some spiders
Secondary eye: An eye belonging to the three pairs – anterior lateral eyes (ALE), posterior median eyes (PME) and posterior lateral eyes (PLE) – that are primarily movement detectors and have the light-detecting units (rhabdomeres) pointing away from the source;[28] see
main eye,
eyes
Pedipalp and leg of a female spider from the underside; the coxa of the pedipalp is heavily modified to form the maxilla
Coxa (plural coxae): First leg segment, between body and trochanter; the coxa of the
pedipalp is heavily modified to form the
maxilla or endite
Trochanter: Second leg segment, between coxa and femur
Femur (plural femora): Third leg segment, between trochanter and patella
Patella (plural patellae): Fourth leg segment, between femur and tibia
Tibia (plural tibiae): Fifth leg segment, between patella and metatarsus
Metatarsus (plural metatarsi; also called basitarsus): Sixth leg segment, between tibia and tarsus; absent in the
pedipalp
Tarsus (plural tarsi; also called telotarsus): Seventh (last) leg segment, after the metatarsus
Serrula: A row of tiny teeth along the edge of the
maxilla
Seta (plural setae): A bristle;[22] spiders have a variety of hair-like structures of increasing size that are referred to as hairs, bristles (setae) or
spines[29]
Sigillum (plural sigilla): A circular indentation on the outside of the spider, showing where an internal muscle is attached;[30] particularly on the
sternum in some
Mygalomorphae and on the
dorsum in some
Araneomorphae[22]
Sperm duct: A duct in the male
palpal bulb used to store sperm[22]
Spermatheca (plural spermathecae; also called receptulacum, receptulacum seminis): A structure in the
abdomen of female spiders used to store sperm after insemination and before fertilization;[22] see also
Spermatheca
Spigot: A small pointed or cylindrical structure at the tip of a
spinneret from which silk emerges[22]
Spine: A pointed, rigid structure on body and legs, usually with a basal joint;[31] spiders have a variety of hair-like structures of increasing size that are referred to as hairs, bristles (setae) or spines[29]
Spinneret: An appendage borne on the
abdomen, typically one of six arranged in three pairs: anterior (anterior median, AMS), median (posterior median, PMS) and posterior (posterior lateral, PLS); silk emerges from small
spigots on the spinnerets;[31][1] see also
Spinneret
Sternum: The lower (ventral) portion of the
cephalothorax
Stridulating organ: A series of thin ridges on a hardened part of the body; rubbing this with a matching series of short, stiff bristles (setae) elsewhere on the body creates a sound[31]
Subadult: A spider in the last stage of development (penultimate instar) before becoming a sexually mature adult
Tapetum (plural tapeta): A light-reflecting layer in a
secondary eye making the eye appear pale[31]
Tarsal claw (claw): One of a set of claws at the tip of the
tarsus; there may be a single pair, often concealed in a
claw tuft, or an additional third central claw, much smaller than the other two[31]
Tarsal organ: a small pit, usually spherical and on the
dorsal surface of each
tarsus, believed to respond to
humidity[32]
Trachea (plural tracheae): A thin hardened internal tube, part of the respiratory system in many
araneomorph spiders; opens on the underside of the
abdomen via a tracheal spiracle;[33] see
Trachea § Invertebrates
Trichobothrium (plural trichobothria): A slender hair-like structure of variable length on the legs and
pedipalps, arising from a special socket; used to detect air movements, including sounds;[34] see
seta,
spine
Venter (or ventrum): The lower (ventral) portion or surface of the body or
abdomen; the adjective ventral may be applied to the lower portion or surface of any part of the body; see
dorsum
^Coddington, J.A. (1990). "Ontogeny and homology in the male palpus of orb-weaving spiders and their relatives, with comments on phylogeny (Araneoclada: Araneoidea, Deinopoidea)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 496 (496): 1–52.
doi:
10.5479/si.00810282.496. Figs 5–8{{
citation}}: CS1 maint: postscript (
link)
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