Anchietea | |
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Anchietea pyrifolia | |
Scientific classification
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Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malpighiales |
Family: | Violaceae |
Subfamily: | Violoideae |
Tribe: | Violeae |
Genus: |
Anchietea A.St.-Hil. [1] [2] [3] |
Type species | |
Anchietea pyrifolia | |
Species | |
|
Anchietea is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with six accepted species, found in tropical South America.
Lianas or reclining shrubs with oblong-lanceolate to ovate leaves. The flowers, which may be unisexual or bisexual, are in axillary racemoids or fascicles, with a white to orange corollas that are strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) with the long bottom petal weakly differentiated with a well exserted (projecting) spur. On the five stamens, the filaments are strongly connate (fused) with the two lowest anthers calcarate (spurred) and possessing a small dorsal connective appendage that is entire and ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is rostellate (beaked). The fruit is a very thin walled bladder-like capsule. There are many seeds per carpel, that are orbicular in outline and strongly flattened and encircled with a low interrupted ridge, or broad wing. [5] [6] [7] The genus is characterized by membranaceous inflated capsules that usually prematurely expose the strongly flattened seeds to maturation. [8]
The genus Anchietea was first described by Saint-Hilaire in 1824, with a single species Anchietea salutaris, which thus is considered the type species. [9] Therefore, the genus bears his name, A.St.-Hil., as the botanical authority. [4] Shortly before this, Martius had described a species in a related genera, Noisettia pyrifolia. [10] In 1831, Don transferred this species to Anchietea, noting that the specific epithet pyrifolia referred to "pear-shaped leaves". [11] [12] A revision of the genus in 2013 identified A. salutaris and A. pyrifolia as conspecific, and since A. pyrifolia had priority (as Noisettia pyrifolia) it is the type species. [12]
Early taxonomic schemes, primarily based on floral morphology, such as Bentham and Hooker (1862) [13] placed Anchietea within subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Violinae. [6] [14] Anchietea is one of four lianescent genera in Violaceae, together with Calyptrion Ging., Agatea A.Gray and the more recently discovered (2003) Hybanthopsis Paula-Souza. [15] Historically, these genera were distributed among separate subtribes, with Anchietea within subtribe Violinae with Calyptrion and Hybanthopsis and Agatea in subtribe Hybanthinae. [5] [14]
Molecular phylogenetic studies have now grouped these four genera together into a single lianescent clade, one of four within the family Violaceae. [7]
The genus Anchietea is named for the sixteenth century Jesuit missionary and naturalist Joseph of Anchieta, who described the Brazilian flora. [11] [16]
Eight species are accepted. [2]
Estimates of the number of species in Anchietea has varied considerably between five [5] [17] and nine, [1] [2] but historically, the genus has been poorly described and new species have continued to be described. Paula-Souza and colleagues recognize six species, [18] [8] [7] having added A. ferrucciae in 2010 as a new description [8] and A. ballardii in 2016. [19] [20]
Extra-Amazonian South America, in the seasonally-dry tropical forests (SDTF) of South America. [19] [21] [2]
Anchietea | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Anchietea pyrifolia | |
Scientific classification
![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malpighiales |
Family: | Violaceae |
Subfamily: | Violoideae |
Tribe: | Violeae |
Genus: |
Anchietea A.St.-Hil. [1] [2] [3] |
Type species | |
Anchietea pyrifolia | |
Species | |
|
Anchietea is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with six accepted species, found in tropical South America.
Lianas or reclining shrubs with oblong-lanceolate to ovate leaves. The flowers, which may be unisexual or bisexual, are in axillary racemoids or fascicles, with a white to orange corollas that are strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) with the long bottom petal weakly differentiated with a well exserted (projecting) spur. On the five stamens, the filaments are strongly connate (fused) with the two lowest anthers calcarate (spurred) and possessing a small dorsal connective appendage that is entire and ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is rostellate (beaked). The fruit is a very thin walled bladder-like capsule. There are many seeds per carpel, that are orbicular in outline and strongly flattened and encircled with a low interrupted ridge, or broad wing. [5] [6] [7] The genus is characterized by membranaceous inflated capsules that usually prematurely expose the strongly flattened seeds to maturation. [8]
The genus Anchietea was first described by Saint-Hilaire in 1824, with a single species Anchietea salutaris, which thus is considered the type species. [9] Therefore, the genus bears his name, A.St.-Hil., as the botanical authority. [4] Shortly before this, Martius had described a species in a related genera, Noisettia pyrifolia. [10] In 1831, Don transferred this species to Anchietea, noting that the specific epithet pyrifolia referred to "pear-shaped leaves". [11] [12] A revision of the genus in 2013 identified A. salutaris and A. pyrifolia as conspecific, and since A. pyrifolia had priority (as Noisettia pyrifolia) it is the type species. [12]
Early taxonomic schemes, primarily based on floral morphology, such as Bentham and Hooker (1862) [13] placed Anchietea within subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Violinae. [6] [14] Anchietea is one of four lianescent genera in Violaceae, together with Calyptrion Ging., Agatea A.Gray and the more recently discovered (2003) Hybanthopsis Paula-Souza. [15] Historically, these genera were distributed among separate subtribes, with Anchietea within subtribe Violinae with Calyptrion and Hybanthopsis and Agatea in subtribe Hybanthinae. [5] [14]
Molecular phylogenetic studies have now grouped these four genera together into a single lianescent clade, one of four within the family Violaceae. [7]
The genus Anchietea is named for the sixteenth century Jesuit missionary and naturalist Joseph of Anchieta, who described the Brazilian flora. [11] [16]
Eight species are accepted. [2]
Estimates of the number of species in Anchietea has varied considerably between five [5] [17] and nine, [1] [2] but historically, the genus has been poorly described and new species have continued to be described. Paula-Souza and colleagues recognize six species, [18] [8] [7] having added A. ferrucciae in 2010 as a new description [8] and A. ballardii in 2016. [19] [20]
Extra-Amazonian South America, in the seasonally-dry tropical forests (SDTF) of South America. [19] [21] [2]