Ammophila is the
type genus of the subfamily
Ammophilinae of the hunting
wasp family
Sphecidae. Ammophila is a large and cosmopolitan genus, with over 200 species, mostly occurring in the warmer regions of all continents apart from
Antarctica.
They sometimes are referred to as "thread-waisted wasps", but the name is not definitive, because many other members of the Sphecidae are thread-waisted, too, and referred to as such. Sometimes Ammophiline wasps are referred to as "sand wasps"; this may be better because it is consistent with the name Ammophila, which derives from the Greek for "sand lover", presumably because many species dig their nests in sand. However, as is frequent in dealing with common names, no definitive common name for the Ammophilinae exists;
entomologists usually confine themselves to the technical names for convenience and clarity.
Morphology and habits
As is frequent in large genera, considerable variation occurs in their habits and appearance, but predominantly they are medium-sized wasps of strikingly slender build, with antennae about as long as the head plus thorax.
The jaws are not large, but are strong and apart from feeding and digging, often are used for unexpected functions such as holding a pebble with which the wasp hammers down soil to seal a nest,[2] or to grip the stem of a plant at night, holding its body at right-angles to the stem, its legs folded and all the weight taken up by the mandibles. This habit is not unique to the Ammophilinae – some bees, such as Amegilla, also overnight in that way, and
Fabre documented some others.[3]
Ammophila with a captured caterpillar
Nesting
Nesting is generally by digging an unbranched tunnel in sandy soil, but provisioning can be
progressive, the mother bringing prey as the larva requires it, or
mass provisioning, where each nest is provided with a single large prey item,[4] or as many small prey items as should be required.[2]
^
abPeckham, George W, Peckham, Elizabeth G.; Wasps, Social and Solitary, Pub. Constable 1905
^Fabre, Jean-Henri; The wonders of instinct; Pub: Century, New York 1918
^Barbara J. Hager and Frank E. Kurczewski; Nesting Behavior of Ammophila harti (Fernald) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae); American Midland Naturalist Vol. 116, No. 1 (Jul., 1986); Pub: University of Notre Dame
Ammophila is the
type genus of the subfamily
Ammophilinae of the hunting
wasp family
Sphecidae. Ammophila is a large and cosmopolitan genus, with over 200 species, mostly occurring in the warmer regions of all continents apart from
Antarctica.
They sometimes are referred to as "thread-waisted wasps", but the name is not definitive, because many other members of the Sphecidae are thread-waisted, too, and referred to as such. Sometimes Ammophiline wasps are referred to as "sand wasps"; this may be better because it is consistent with the name Ammophila, which derives from the Greek for "sand lover", presumably because many species dig their nests in sand. However, as is frequent in dealing with common names, no definitive common name for the Ammophilinae exists;
entomologists usually confine themselves to the technical names for convenience and clarity.
Morphology and habits
As is frequent in large genera, considerable variation occurs in their habits and appearance, but predominantly they are medium-sized wasps of strikingly slender build, with antennae about as long as the head plus thorax.
The jaws are not large, but are strong and apart from feeding and digging, often are used for unexpected functions such as holding a pebble with which the wasp hammers down soil to seal a nest,[2] or to grip the stem of a plant at night, holding its body at right-angles to the stem, its legs folded and all the weight taken up by the mandibles. This habit is not unique to the Ammophilinae – some bees, such as Amegilla, also overnight in that way, and
Fabre documented some others.[3]
Ammophila with a captured caterpillar
Nesting
Nesting is generally by digging an unbranched tunnel in sandy soil, but provisioning can be
progressive, the mother bringing prey as the larva requires it, or
mass provisioning, where each nest is provided with a single large prey item,[4] or as many small prey items as should be required.[2]
^
abPeckham, George W, Peckham, Elizabeth G.; Wasps, Social and Solitary, Pub. Constable 1905
^Fabre, Jean-Henri; The wonders of instinct; Pub: Century, New York 1918
^Barbara J. Hager and Frank E. Kurczewski; Nesting Behavior of Ammophila harti (Fernald) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae); American Midland Naturalist Vol. 116, No. 1 (Jul., 1986); Pub: University of Notre Dame