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Ambient intelligence (AmI) is a term used in computing to refer to electronic environments that are sensitive to the presence of people. The term is generally applied to consumer electronics, telecommunications, and computing.
Ambient intelligence is intended to enable devices to work in concert with people in carrying out their everyday activities in an intuitive way, by using information and intelligence hidden in the network connecting these devices. An example of ambient intelligence is the Internet of Things (IoT). A typical context of the ambient intelligence environment is the home, but it may also be workspaces (offices, co-working), public spaces (based on technologies such as smart streetlights), and hospital environments. [1]
The concept of ambient intelligence was originally developed in the late 1990s by Eli Zelkha and his team at Palo Alto Ventures for the 2010–2020 time frame. [2] [3] [4] [5] Developers theorise that as devices grow smaller, more connected, and more integrated into human environments, the technological framework behind them will disappear into the surroundings until only the user interface remains perceivable by people.
The ambient intelligence concept builds upon pervasive computing, ubiquitous computing, profiling, context awareness, and human-centric computer interaction design. It is characterised by systems and technologies that are: [6]
Implementation of ambient intelligence requires several technologies to exist. These include hidden hardware that benefit from miniaturization, nanotechnology, and smart devices, as well as human-centric computer interfaces ( intelligent agents, multimodal interaction, context awareness, etc). These systems and devices operate through a seamless mobile/fixed communication and computing infrastructure characterised by interoperability, wired and wireless networks, and service-oriented architecture. Systems and devices must also be dependable and secure, which may be achieved through self-testing and self-repairing software and privacy-ensuring technology.
Ambient intelligence has a relationship with—and depends on advances in— sensor technology and sensor networks. [7]
User experience became more important to developers in the late 1990s as a result of digital products and services that were difficult to understand or use. In response, user experience design emerged to create new technologies and media around the user's personal experience. Ambient intelligence is influenced by user-centred design, where the user is placed in the centre of the design activity and gives feedback to the designer.
In 1998, the management board of Philips Research commissioned a series of presentations and internal workshops organised by Eli Zelkha and Brian Epstein of Palo Alto Ventures. They investigated future scenarios and how consumer devices might advance over the next quarter-century. Zelkha and Epstein described the high-volume consumer electronics industry of the 1990s as "fragmented with features"; they envisioned that by 2020, an industry where user-friendly devices would support ubiquitous information, communication, and entertainment. [8] For this outcome the term "ambient intelligence" was coined.
While developing the ambient intelligence concept, Palo Alto Ventures created the keynote address for Roel Pieper of Philips for the Digital Living Room Conference of 1998, [9] which included Eli Zelkha, Brian Epstein, Simon Birrell, Doug Randall, and Clark Dodsworth. In 2000, there were plans to construct a feasibility and usability facility dedicated to ambient intelligence; these led to the opening of HomeLab on 24 April 2002. In 2005, Philips joined the Oxygen Alliance, an international consortium of industrial partners within the context of MIT's Oxygen Project, [10] which was aimed at developing technology for the computer of the 21st century.
Along with the developing vision at Philips, several parallel initiatives started to explore ambient intelligence in more detail. Following the advice of the Information Society and Technology Advisory Group ( ISTAG), the European Commission used the vision for the launch of their sixth framework (FP6) in Information, Society and Technology, with a budget of 3.7 billion euros.
During the first decade of the 21st century, several significant initiatives were started. The Fraunhofer Society started several such activities, including multimedia, micro-system design, and augmented spaces. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology started an ambient intelligence research group at their Media Lab. [11] Several more research projects were started in countries such as the United States, Canada, Spain, France, and the Netherlands. Since 2004, the European Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (EUSAI) and many other conferences have been held that address special topics in ambient intelligence.
The Europe's ISTAG suggests that society may be encouraged to use ambient intelligence, if AmI projects meet these criteria: [12]
ISTAG concluded that ambient intelligence technologies can contribute to business profitability in a number of ways. The methods identified were:[ citation needed]
A variety of technologies can be used to enable ambient intelligence environments, such as: [13]
The ambient intelligence concept is subject to criticism. [14] Ambient intelligence can be immersive, personalised, context-aware, and anticipatory; these characteristics bring up societal, political, and cultural concerns about the loss of privacy. Proponents of AmI argue that applications of ambient intelligence can function without necessarily reducing privacy. [15] [16] [17]
Critics also discuss the potential for concentrations of power in large organisations; a fragmented, decreasingly private society; and hyper-real environments where the virtual is indistinguishable from the real. [18] Several research groups and communities have investigated the socioeconomic, political, and cultural aspects of ambient intelligence.
This article has multiple issues. Please help
improve it or discuss these issues on the
talk page. (
Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Ambient intelligence (AmI) is a term used in computing to refer to electronic environments that are sensitive to the presence of people. The term is generally applied to consumer electronics, telecommunications, and computing.
Ambient intelligence is intended to enable devices to work in concert with people in carrying out their everyday activities in an intuitive way, by using information and intelligence hidden in the network connecting these devices. An example of ambient intelligence is the Internet of Things (IoT). A typical context of the ambient intelligence environment is the home, but it may also be workspaces (offices, co-working), public spaces (based on technologies such as smart streetlights), and hospital environments. [1]
The concept of ambient intelligence was originally developed in the late 1990s by Eli Zelkha and his team at Palo Alto Ventures for the 2010–2020 time frame. [2] [3] [4] [5] Developers theorise that as devices grow smaller, more connected, and more integrated into human environments, the technological framework behind them will disappear into the surroundings until only the user interface remains perceivable by people.
The ambient intelligence concept builds upon pervasive computing, ubiquitous computing, profiling, context awareness, and human-centric computer interaction design. It is characterised by systems and technologies that are: [6]
Implementation of ambient intelligence requires several technologies to exist. These include hidden hardware that benefit from miniaturization, nanotechnology, and smart devices, as well as human-centric computer interfaces ( intelligent agents, multimodal interaction, context awareness, etc). These systems and devices operate through a seamless mobile/fixed communication and computing infrastructure characterised by interoperability, wired and wireless networks, and service-oriented architecture. Systems and devices must also be dependable and secure, which may be achieved through self-testing and self-repairing software and privacy-ensuring technology.
Ambient intelligence has a relationship with—and depends on advances in— sensor technology and sensor networks. [7]
User experience became more important to developers in the late 1990s as a result of digital products and services that were difficult to understand or use. In response, user experience design emerged to create new technologies and media around the user's personal experience. Ambient intelligence is influenced by user-centred design, where the user is placed in the centre of the design activity and gives feedback to the designer.
In 1998, the management board of Philips Research commissioned a series of presentations and internal workshops organised by Eli Zelkha and Brian Epstein of Palo Alto Ventures. They investigated future scenarios and how consumer devices might advance over the next quarter-century. Zelkha and Epstein described the high-volume consumer electronics industry of the 1990s as "fragmented with features"; they envisioned that by 2020, an industry where user-friendly devices would support ubiquitous information, communication, and entertainment. [8] For this outcome the term "ambient intelligence" was coined.
While developing the ambient intelligence concept, Palo Alto Ventures created the keynote address for Roel Pieper of Philips for the Digital Living Room Conference of 1998, [9] which included Eli Zelkha, Brian Epstein, Simon Birrell, Doug Randall, and Clark Dodsworth. In 2000, there were plans to construct a feasibility and usability facility dedicated to ambient intelligence; these led to the opening of HomeLab on 24 April 2002. In 2005, Philips joined the Oxygen Alliance, an international consortium of industrial partners within the context of MIT's Oxygen Project, [10] which was aimed at developing technology for the computer of the 21st century.
Along with the developing vision at Philips, several parallel initiatives started to explore ambient intelligence in more detail. Following the advice of the Information Society and Technology Advisory Group ( ISTAG), the European Commission used the vision for the launch of their sixth framework (FP6) in Information, Society and Technology, with a budget of 3.7 billion euros.
During the first decade of the 21st century, several significant initiatives were started. The Fraunhofer Society started several such activities, including multimedia, micro-system design, and augmented spaces. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology started an ambient intelligence research group at their Media Lab. [11] Several more research projects were started in countries such as the United States, Canada, Spain, France, and the Netherlands. Since 2004, the European Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (EUSAI) and many other conferences have been held that address special topics in ambient intelligence.
The Europe's ISTAG suggests that society may be encouraged to use ambient intelligence, if AmI projects meet these criteria: [12]
ISTAG concluded that ambient intelligence technologies can contribute to business profitability in a number of ways. The methods identified were:[ citation needed]
A variety of technologies can be used to enable ambient intelligence environments, such as: [13]
The ambient intelligence concept is subject to criticism. [14] Ambient intelligence can be immersive, personalised, context-aware, and anticipatory; these characteristics bring up societal, political, and cultural concerns about the loss of privacy. Proponents of AmI argue that applications of ambient intelligence can function without necessarily reducing privacy. [15] [16] [17]
Critics also discuss the potential for concentrations of power in large organisations; a fragmented, decreasingly private society; and hyper-real environments where the virtual is indistinguishable from the real. [18] Several research groups and communities have investigated the socioeconomic, political, and cultural aspects of ambient intelligence.