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 Yugoslavia |
 Algeria |
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AlgeriaāYugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Algeria and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Both countries self-identified with the wider Mediterranean region and shared membership in the Non-Aligned Movement. During the Algerian War Yugoslavia provided significant logistical and diplomatic support to the Algerian side which affected its intra- European relations with France. Yugoslavia was the first European country to openly support the FLN. [1]
Within the Non-Aligned Movement Yugoslavia closely collaborated with self-described core members of India and Egypt while Algeria followed self-described progressive group in which Cuba played prominent role. Yugoslavia officially recognized the independence of Algeria on 5 September 1961 as the first country in Europe to do so. [2] The country established formal diplomatic relations 3 days before the independence on 2 July 1962. [3] This led to rupture in Yugoslav-French relations as Paris decided to withdraw its ambassador from Belgrade. [4]
History
During the Algerian War representatives of the National Liberation Front described their Mediterranean ally Yugoslavia as their closest non- Arab allies. [4] During the war Yugoslavia de facto recognition of the FLN as the representative of the Algerian nation, but considering France's stern warnings avoided de jure recognition of the movement. [4] It is believed that the first secret contacts were established in 1954 in Cairo when Yugoslavia officially sold military equipment to Egypt which after one month were transferred to Algeria. [5] In October 1956 Belgrade hosted the meeting between FLN's Mohamed Khider and SFIO's Pierre Herbaut, while from 1957 Yugoslavia abandoned intermediation efforts and decided to openly support Algeria. [5] From that time French Navy started to interspect Yugoslav trade ships in Mediterranean believig that they deliver aid to Algerian rebels. [5] On 7 August 1957 French Navy discovered and took 70 tones of military equipment of Yugoslav ship Srbija [English: Serbia] while the largest discovered delivery was discovered on 18 January 1958 close to Oran when Jadrolinija's ship Slovenija [English: Slovenia] was found in possession of 148 tons of military equipment. [5] President of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic Ferhat Abbas visited Belgrade between 6 and 12 January 1959 where he talked with the President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito. [2] On 2 February 1959 other two members Krim Belkacem and Mhamed Yazid held talks with the Ambassador of Yugoslavia to Tunisia. [2] Yugoslavia provided food, medicine, and military supplies to the Algerian fighters which Algerians did not expect from a middle-sized European communist country. [4] Yugoslav population perceived Algerian experiences as reminiscent of its not so distant National Liberation and Revolution during the World War II. [5] Country therefore paid attention to the cultural aspect of the Algerian War and sent its photographers such as Stevan LabudoviÄ who recorded 27 films and 274 photos in 1959-1962 period, official El Moudjahid newspapers were issued in Belgrade edition as well the first gramophone recording of the Kassaman. [5] On 1 Mart 1960 National Liberation Front (FLN) opened its Bureau in Belgrade. [2] Against the Indian wishes but with support of Sukarno and Nkrumah, the Algerian FLN was invited to attend the 1961 Non-Aligned Conference in Belgrade under the status of a sovereign government. [4] Ben Bella visited Yugoslavia in March 1964. [4]
List of bilateral state visits
Yugoslav visits to Algeria
- 24-30 April 1965: Josip Broz Tito [6]
- 5-9 November 1969: Josip Broz Tito [6]
- 2-10 September 1973: Josip Broz Tito [6]
- 28-31 May1979: Josip Broz Tito [6]
- 20-21 October 1979: Josip Broz Tito [6]
Algerian visits to Yugoslavia
- 9 June 1959: Ferhat Abbas [6]
- 2 September 1961: Benyoucef Benkhedda [6]
- 5-13 March 1964: Ahmed Ben Bella [6]
- 6-11 October 1966: Houari BoumĆ©diĆØne [6]
- 12-14 June 1967: Houari BoumĆ©diĆØne [6]
- 15 October 1973: Houari BoumĆ©diĆØne [6]
- 14-15 January 1978: Houari BoumĆ©diĆØne [6]
- 22 July-1 August 1978: Houari BoumĆ©diĆØne [6]
See also
- Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement
- Yugoslavia and the Organisation of African Unity
- National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia
- National Liberation Front of Algeria
- Yugoslav Wars
- Algerian Civil War
- AlgeriaāSerbia relations
- Mediterranean Games
- Death and state funeral of Josip Broz Tito
References
- ^ Mila TurajliÄ (2019). "Liberation Newsreels vol. 1 - Dnevnih napada nema". In Tamara Soban (ed.). Southern Constellations: The Poetics of the Non-Aligned (PDF). Museum of Modern Art (Ljubljana). p. 177. ISBN 978-961-206-138-8.
- ^ a b c d BogetiÄ, Dragan (2012). "PodrÅ”ka Jugoslavije borbi alžirskog naroda za nezavisnost u zavrÅ”noj fazi Alžirskog rata 1958-1962 [The Yugoslav Support To The Algerian People Struggle For Independence In The Final Phase Of The Algerian War 1958-1962]". Istorija 20. Veka (in Serbian) (3): 155ā169. doi: 10.29362/ist20veka.2012.3.bog.155-169. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
- ^ Radina VuÄetiÄ; Pol Bets; Radovan CukiÄ; Ana SladojeviÄ (2017). Tito u Africi: slike solidarnosti (PDF). Museum of Yugoslavia. ISBN 978-86-84811-45-7.
- ^ a b c d e f Byrne, Jeffrey James (2015). "Beyond Continents, Colours, and the Cold War: Yugoslavia, Algeria, and the Struggle for Non-Alignment". The International History Review. 37 (5): 912ā932. doi: 10.1080/07075332.2015.1051569. S2CID 154033045. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Tot, Dora (2018). ODNOSI JUGOSLAVIJE I ALŽIRA U PRVOJ POLOVICI 1960-IH: STRATEGIJA IZGRADNJE MEKE MOÄI (PDF) (Bachelor Thesis). University of Zagreb.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m R. RadoniÄ, Nemanja (2020). Š”Š»ŠøŠŗŠ° ŠŃŃŠøŠŗŠµ Ń ŠŃŠ³Š¾ŃŠ»Š°Š²ŠøŃŠø (1945-1991) (PDF) (Doctoral Thesis). University of Belgrade. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
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Yugoslavia |
Algeria |
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AlgeriaāYugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Algeria and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Both countries self-identified with the wider Mediterranean region and shared membership in the Non-Aligned Movement. During the Algerian War Yugoslavia provided significant logistical and diplomatic support to the Algerian side which affected its intra- European relations with France. Yugoslavia was the first European country to openly support the FLN. [1]
Within the Non-Aligned Movement Yugoslavia closely collaborated with self-described core members of India and Egypt while Algeria followed self-described progressive group in which Cuba played prominent role. Yugoslavia officially recognized the independence of Algeria on 5 September 1961 as the first country in Europe to do so. [2] The country established formal diplomatic relations 3 days before the independence on 2 July 1962. [3] This led to rupture in Yugoslav-French relations as Paris decided to withdraw its ambassador from Belgrade. [4]
History
During the Algerian War representatives of the National Liberation Front described their Mediterranean ally Yugoslavia as their closest non- Arab allies. [4] During the war Yugoslavia de facto recognition of the FLN as the representative of the Algerian nation, but considering France's stern warnings avoided de jure recognition of the movement. [4] It is believed that the first secret contacts were established in 1954 in Cairo when Yugoslavia officially sold military equipment to Egypt which after one month were transferred to Algeria. [5] In October 1956 Belgrade hosted the meeting between FLN's Mohamed Khider and SFIO's Pierre Herbaut, while from 1957 Yugoslavia abandoned intermediation efforts and decided to openly support Algeria. [5] From that time French Navy started to interspect Yugoslav trade ships in Mediterranean believig that they deliver aid to Algerian rebels. [5] On 7 August 1957 French Navy discovered and took 70 tones of military equipment of Yugoslav ship Srbija [English: Serbia] while the largest discovered delivery was discovered on 18 January 1958 close to Oran when Jadrolinija's ship Slovenija [English: Slovenia] was found in possession of 148 tons of military equipment. [5] President of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic Ferhat Abbas visited Belgrade between 6 and 12 January 1959 where he talked with the President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito. [2] On 2 February 1959 other two members Krim Belkacem and Mhamed Yazid held talks with the Ambassador of Yugoslavia to Tunisia. [2] Yugoslavia provided food, medicine, and military supplies to the Algerian fighters which Algerians did not expect from a middle-sized European communist country. [4] Yugoslav population perceived Algerian experiences as reminiscent of its not so distant National Liberation and Revolution during the World War II. [5] Country therefore paid attention to the cultural aspect of the Algerian War and sent its photographers such as Stevan LabudoviÄ who recorded 27 films and 274 photos in 1959-1962 period, official El Moudjahid newspapers were issued in Belgrade edition as well the first gramophone recording of the Kassaman. [5] On 1 Mart 1960 National Liberation Front (FLN) opened its Bureau in Belgrade. [2] Against the Indian wishes but with support of Sukarno and Nkrumah, the Algerian FLN was invited to attend the 1961 Non-Aligned Conference in Belgrade under the status of a sovereign government. [4] Ben Bella visited Yugoslavia in March 1964. [4]
List of bilateral state visits
Yugoslav visits to Algeria
- 24-30 April 1965: Josip Broz Tito [6]
- 5-9 November 1969: Josip Broz Tito [6]
- 2-10 September 1973: Josip Broz Tito [6]
- 28-31 May1979: Josip Broz Tito [6]
- 20-21 October 1979: Josip Broz Tito [6]
Algerian visits to Yugoslavia
- 9 June 1959: Ferhat Abbas [6]
- 2 September 1961: Benyoucef Benkhedda [6]
- 5-13 March 1964: Ahmed Ben Bella [6]
- 6-11 October 1966: Houari BoumĆ©diĆØne [6]
- 12-14 June 1967: Houari BoumĆ©diĆØne [6]
- 15 October 1973: Houari BoumĆ©diĆØne [6]
- 14-15 January 1978: Houari BoumĆ©diĆØne [6]
- 22 July-1 August 1978: Houari BoumĆ©diĆØne [6]
See also
- Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement
- Yugoslavia and the Organisation of African Unity
- National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia
- National Liberation Front of Algeria
- Yugoslav Wars
- Algerian Civil War
- AlgeriaāSerbia relations
- Mediterranean Games
- Death and state funeral of Josip Broz Tito
References
- ^ Mila TurajliÄ (2019). "Liberation Newsreels vol. 1 - Dnevnih napada nema". In Tamara Soban (ed.). Southern Constellations: The Poetics of the Non-Aligned (PDF). Museum of Modern Art (Ljubljana). p. 177. ISBN 978-961-206-138-8.
- ^ a b c d BogetiÄ, Dragan (2012). "PodrÅ”ka Jugoslavije borbi alžirskog naroda za nezavisnost u zavrÅ”noj fazi Alžirskog rata 1958-1962 [The Yugoslav Support To The Algerian People Struggle For Independence In The Final Phase Of The Algerian War 1958-1962]". Istorija 20. Veka (in Serbian) (3): 155ā169. doi: 10.29362/ist20veka.2012.3.bog.155-169. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
- ^ Radina VuÄetiÄ; Pol Bets; Radovan CukiÄ; Ana SladojeviÄ (2017). Tito u Africi: slike solidarnosti (PDF). Museum of Yugoslavia. ISBN 978-86-84811-45-7.
- ^ a b c d e f Byrne, Jeffrey James (2015). "Beyond Continents, Colours, and the Cold War: Yugoslavia, Algeria, and the Struggle for Non-Alignment". The International History Review. 37 (5): 912ā932. doi: 10.1080/07075332.2015.1051569. S2CID 154033045. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Tot, Dora (2018). ODNOSI JUGOSLAVIJE I ALŽIRA U PRVOJ POLOVICI 1960-IH: STRATEGIJA IZGRADNJE MEKE MOÄI (PDF) (Bachelor Thesis). University of Zagreb.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m R. RadoniÄ, Nemanja (2020). Š”Š»ŠøŠŗŠ° ŠŃŃŠøŠŗŠµ Ń ŠŃŠ³Š¾ŃŠ»Š°Š²ŠøŃŠø (1945-1991) (PDF) (Doctoral Thesis). University of Belgrade. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
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