Alan Baddeley | |
---|---|
Born | Alan David Baddeley 23 March 1934
Leeds, Yorkshire, England |
Nationality | British |
Education |
University College London Princeton University University of Cambridge (PhD) |
Known for | Neuropsychological tests, Baddeley's model of working memory |
Awards | CBE FRS (1993) |
Scientific career | |
Institutions | University of York |
Thesis | Measures and measurements in stochastic geometry (1981) |
Alan David Baddeley CBE FRS (born 23 March 1934) is a British psychologist. He is known for his research on memory and for developing the three-component model of working memory. He is a professor of psychology at the University of York.
Baddeley was born in Leeds, Yorkshire on 23 March 1934. [1] He lived there with his parents, Donald and Nellie Baddeley, until leaving for university. [2] He decided to study psychology and was originally interested in psychoanalysis. Later he changed his focus to evidence-based psychology. [3] In 1956, Baddeley went to the United States of America to continue his studies. After spending a year in America, he returned home. He then went to Cambridge, where he met and married Hilary Ann White. Baddeley and his wife have three sons. [2]
Baddeley has taught and conducted research at University of Sussex, University of Stirling, MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Churchill College, University of Cambridge, and University of Bristol. He is currently a professor of psychology at the University of York. [4]
Baddeley attended the University College London from 1953 to 1956. He then obtained an MA from Princeton University's Department of Psychology in 1957. He earned a PhD from University of Cambridge in 1962. [5] He has been awarded Honorary Doctorates by University of Essex in 1999, [6] Plymouth University in 2000, [7] and University of Bristol in 2019. [8]
In 1974, working with Graham Hitch, Baddeley developed an influential model of working memory called Baddeley's model of working memory, [9] which argues for the existence of multiple short-term memory stores and a separate interacting system for manipulating the content of these stores. There are three components of this model: the phonological loop, the central executive, and the visuospatial sketch pad. [9] In 2000, Baddeley suggested adding a fourth component to his memory model called the episodic buffer. [10] The model accounts for much of the empirical data on short-term retention and manipulation of information.
His landmark study in 1975 on the capacity of short-term memory [11] showed that people remembered more short words than long words in a recall test. This was called the word length effect and it demonstrated that pronunciation time rather than number of items determines the capacity of verbal short-term memory. This study also found that when participants repeated an irrelevant sound while reading the words, the word length effect does not happen. [11]
Working with Barbara Wilson, Baddeley also did several important studies on amnesia and memory. [12] [13] They studied patients with temporal lobe damage that caused memory problems. Results of such studies provide evidence that short-term and long-term memory are not one system. The amnesia patients had normal short-term memory but impaired long-term memory. [14]
Baddeley has also done research studies using divers and various underwater conditions. He studied the effects of depth and pressure on dexterity, [15] the impact of temperature on response time, [16] and context-dependent memory on land and underwater. [17]
Baddeley was the director of the Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, a branch of the UK Medical Research Council, based in Cambridge, from 1974 - 1997. [18] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1993 [19] and in 1996, was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. [20] In 2001, Baddeley received the American Psychological Association (APA) Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. [21] Baddeley was given the Lifetime Achievement Award by the British Psychological Society in 2012. [22] He also received the Major Advancement in Psychological Science Prize from the International Union of Psychological Science in 2016. [23]
Baddeley has also part authored a number of neuropsychological tests including the Doors and People, [24] Children's Test of Nonword Repetition (CN REP), [25] the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), [26] Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI), [27] Visual Patterns Test (VPT) [28] and the Speed and Capacity of Language Processing Test (SCOLP). [29]
Baddeley was involved in the design of United Kingdom postcodes, [30] and was one of the founders of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology. [31]
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: CS1 maint: others (
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Alan Baddeley | |
---|---|
Born | Alan David Baddeley 23 March 1934
Leeds, Yorkshire, England |
Nationality | British |
Education |
University College London Princeton University University of Cambridge (PhD) |
Known for | Neuropsychological tests, Baddeley's model of working memory |
Awards | CBE FRS (1993) |
Scientific career | |
Institutions | University of York |
Thesis | Measures and measurements in stochastic geometry (1981) |
Alan David Baddeley CBE FRS (born 23 March 1934) is a British psychologist. He is known for his research on memory and for developing the three-component model of working memory. He is a professor of psychology at the University of York.
Baddeley was born in Leeds, Yorkshire on 23 March 1934. [1] He lived there with his parents, Donald and Nellie Baddeley, until leaving for university. [2] He decided to study psychology and was originally interested in psychoanalysis. Later he changed his focus to evidence-based psychology. [3] In 1956, Baddeley went to the United States of America to continue his studies. After spending a year in America, he returned home. He then went to Cambridge, where he met and married Hilary Ann White. Baddeley and his wife have three sons. [2]
Baddeley has taught and conducted research at University of Sussex, University of Stirling, MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Churchill College, University of Cambridge, and University of Bristol. He is currently a professor of psychology at the University of York. [4]
Baddeley attended the University College London from 1953 to 1956. He then obtained an MA from Princeton University's Department of Psychology in 1957. He earned a PhD from University of Cambridge in 1962. [5] He has been awarded Honorary Doctorates by University of Essex in 1999, [6] Plymouth University in 2000, [7] and University of Bristol in 2019. [8]
In 1974, working with Graham Hitch, Baddeley developed an influential model of working memory called Baddeley's model of working memory, [9] which argues for the existence of multiple short-term memory stores and a separate interacting system for manipulating the content of these stores. There are three components of this model: the phonological loop, the central executive, and the visuospatial sketch pad. [9] In 2000, Baddeley suggested adding a fourth component to his memory model called the episodic buffer. [10] The model accounts for much of the empirical data on short-term retention and manipulation of information.
His landmark study in 1975 on the capacity of short-term memory [11] showed that people remembered more short words than long words in a recall test. This was called the word length effect and it demonstrated that pronunciation time rather than number of items determines the capacity of verbal short-term memory. This study also found that when participants repeated an irrelevant sound while reading the words, the word length effect does not happen. [11]
Working with Barbara Wilson, Baddeley also did several important studies on amnesia and memory. [12] [13] They studied patients with temporal lobe damage that caused memory problems. Results of such studies provide evidence that short-term and long-term memory are not one system. The amnesia patients had normal short-term memory but impaired long-term memory. [14]
Baddeley has also done research studies using divers and various underwater conditions. He studied the effects of depth and pressure on dexterity, [15] the impact of temperature on response time, [16] and context-dependent memory on land and underwater. [17]
Baddeley was the director of the Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, a branch of the UK Medical Research Council, based in Cambridge, from 1974 - 1997. [18] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1993 [19] and in 1996, was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. [20] In 2001, Baddeley received the American Psychological Association (APA) Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. [21] Baddeley was given the Lifetime Achievement Award by the British Psychological Society in 2012. [22] He also received the Major Advancement in Psychological Science Prize from the International Union of Psychological Science in 2016. [23]
Baddeley has also part authored a number of neuropsychological tests including the Doors and People, [24] Children's Test of Nonword Repetition (CN REP), [25] the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), [26] Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI), [27] Visual Patterns Test (VPT) [28] and the Speed and Capacity of Language Processing Test (SCOLP). [29]
Baddeley was involved in the design of United Kingdom postcodes, [30] and was one of the founders of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology. [31]
{{
cite book}}
: CS1 maint: others (
link)