 | |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Founder(s) | Said Akl |
| Publisher | Dar Alf Leila Wa Leila |
| Editor-in-chief |
|
| Founded | 1911 |
| Language | Arabic |
| Ceased publication | August 2011 |
| City | Beirut |
| Country | Lebanon |
Al Bayrak ( Arabic: البيرق, romanized: The Flag) was a daily newspaper published in Beirut, Lebanon. [1] It was one of the leading and oldest Arabic papers in the country. After being published for a century, the paper ceased publication in August 2011.
Al Bayrak was founded in 1911. [1] [2] Its founder was the Lebanese poet Said Akl. [3] The publisher was the Dar Alf Leila Wa Leila publishing house, which owned a number of daily and weekly publications in Lebanon and in Europe, including Al Hawadeth, Monday Morning and La Revue du Liban. [4] [5] The company was headed by Melhem Karam. [4]
In the 1990s Melhem Karam was the editor and Said Nassereddine the editor-in-chief of the daily. [6] [7] Then Karam who was also the president of Lebanese Journalists Association served as the editor-in-chief. [8] [9] The daily folded in August 2011 due to financial problems. [8] [10] [3]
In 2009, the IREX, an international research board, cited the daily as one of the major eleven papers published in Lebanon. [11] In the initial phase of the Lebanese civil war in 1975, it had a pro-government stance. [12] In the early 1980s the western media described the daily as conservative. [13] It was one of the newspapers which advocated the March 14 alliance in 2009. [11]
In 1999, Al Bayrak published an interview with Robert Hatem, who was the author of From Israel to Damascus banned in Lebanon. [6] Due to the publication of the interview the Beirut Appeals Court prosecuted Melhem Karam and Said Nassereddine, who were editor and editor-in-chief of the paper, respectively. [6] Following the assassination of Lebanese journalist and lawmaker Gebran Tueni in December 2005, the headline of the daily was "Enough...". [14]
The daily was banned by Michel Aoun, then interim prime minister and army commander, on 19 January 1990 due to its clash with Aoun's policies. [15] In the immediate aftermath of the ban a reporter working for the daily, George Hajj, was abducted in Beirut and was freed eight hours later. [16] Aoun was accused of the abduction. [16]
- ^ a b The Middle East and North Africa 2003 (49th ed.). London; New York: Europa Publications. 2002. p. 737. ISBN 978-1-85743-132-2.
- ^ Publitec Publications, ed. (2007). "The Press". Who's Who in Lebanon 2007-2008 (19th ed.). Beirut: Publitec. p. 548. doi: 10.1515/9783110945904. ISBN 978-3598077340.
- ^ a b Sarah El-Richani (2016). The Lebanese Media. Anatomy of a System in Perpetual Crisis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 159. doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-60183-4. ISBN 978-1-137-60183-4.
- ^ a b "Melhem Karam passed away at 76". Ya Libnan. 22 May 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
- ^ "Profile". RDL. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ a b c "Journalists prosecuted over controversial interview". IFEX. 30 July 1999. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Departure President of Lebanese Editors Syndicate Melhem Karam". Alowais. 23 May 2010. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
- ^ a b Rasha Abouzaki (14 May 2012). "Lebanon's Media Industry: Jobs With Expiry Dates". Al Akhbar. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ Nabi Dajanil (Summer 2013). "The Myth of Media Freedom in Lebanon" (PDF). Arab Media & Society (18).
- ^ "Great Journalist Melhem Karam Passes away". Syrian Arab News Agency. 22 May 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ a b "Media sustainability index 2008" (PDF). IREX. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Newspaper says Lebanon wants raid moratorium". The Bulletin. Beirut. Associated Press. 27 January 1975. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Libya Building up Forces to Counter Israelis". The Beaver County Times. AP. 22 September 1980. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
- ^ Nadim Ladki (13 December 2005). "Lebanon mourns slain newspaper magnate". Journal of Turkish Weekly. Beirut. Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ Ihsan A. Hijazi (19 January 1990). "A Second Newspaper Is Shut by Lebanese General". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
- ^ a b "Kidnapped journalist in Lebanon is released". Observer–Reporter. Beirut. AP. 21 January 1990. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
| Arabic dailies | |
|---|---|
| Other dailies | |
| Other newspapers | |
| Defunct publications | |
- 21st century in Beirut
- 20th century in Beirut
- 1911 establishments in Ottoman Syria
- 2011 disestablishments in Lebanon
- Daily newspapers published in Lebanon
- Defunct Arabic-language newspapers
- Defunct newspapers published in Lebanon
- Newspapers established in 1911
- Newspapers published in Beirut
- Publications disestablished in 2011
|
| |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Founder(s) | Said Akl |
| Publisher | Dar Alf Leila Wa Leila |
| Editor-in-chief |
|
| Founded | 1911 |
| Language | Arabic |
| Ceased publication | August 2011 |
| City | Beirut |
| Country | Lebanon |
Al Bayrak ( Arabic: البيرق, romanized: The Flag) was a daily newspaper published in Beirut, Lebanon. [1] It was one of the leading and oldest Arabic papers in the country. After being published for a century, the paper ceased publication in August 2011.
Al Bayrak was founded in 1911. [1] [2] Its founder was the Lebanese poet Said Akl. [3] The publisher was the Dar Alf Leila Wa Leila publishing house, which owned a number of daily and weekly publications in Lebanon and in Europe, including Al Hawadeth, Monday Morning and La Revue du Liban. [4] [5] The company was headed by Melhem Karam. [4]
In the 1990s Melhem Karam was the editor and Said Nassereddine the editor-in-chief of the daily. [6] [7] Then Karam who was also the president of Lebanese Journalists Association served as the editor-in-chief. [8] [9] The daily folded in August 2011 due to financial problems. [8] [10] [3]
In 2009, the IREX, an international research board, cited the daily as one of the major eleven papers published in Lebanon. [11] In the initial phase of the Lebanese civil war in 1975, it had a pro-government stance. [12] In the early 1980s the western media described the daily as conservative. [13] It was one of the newspapers which advocated the March 14 alliance in 2009. [11]
In 1999, Al Bayrak published an interview with Robert Hatem, who was the author of From Israel to Damascus banned in Lebanon. [6] Due to the publication of the interview the Beirut Appeals Court prosecuted Melhem Karam and Said Nassereddine, who were editor and editor-in-chief of the paper, respectively. [6] Following the assassination of Lebanese journalist and lawmaker Gebran Tueni in December 2005, the headline of the daily was "Enough...". [14]
The daily was banned by Michel Aoun, then interim prime minister and army commander, on 19 January 1990 due to its clash with Aoun's policies. [15] In the immediate aftermath of the ban a reporter working for the daily, George Hajj, was abducted in Beirut and was freed eight hours later. [16] Aoun was accused of the abduction. [16]
- ^ a b The Middle East and North Africa 2003 (49th ed.). London; New York: Europa Publications. 2002. p. 737. ISBN 978-1-85743-132-2.
- ^ Publitec Publications, ed. (2007). "The Press". Who's Who in Lebanon 2007-2008 (19th ed.). Beirut: Publitec. p. 548. doi: 10.1515/9783110945904. ISBN 978-3598077340.
- ^ a b Sarah El-Richani (2016). The Lebanese Media. Anatomy of a System in Perpetual Crisis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 159. doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-60183-4. ISBN 978-1-137-60183-4.
- ^ a b "Melhem Karam passed away at 76". Ya Libnan. 22 May 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
- ^ "Profile". RDL. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ a b c "Journalists prosecuted over controversial interview". IFEX. 30 July 1999. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Departure President of Lebanese Editors Syndicate Melhem Karam". Alowais. 23 May 2010. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
- ^ a b Rasha Abouzaki (14 May 2012). "Lebanon's Media Industry: Jobs With Expiry Dates". Al Akhbar. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ Nabi Dajanil (Summer 2013). "The Myth of Media Freedom in Lebanon" (PDF). Arab Media & Society (18).
- ^ "Great Journalist Melhem Karam Passes away". Syrian Arab News Agency. 22 May 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ a b "Media sustainability index 2008" (PDF). IREX. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Newspaper says Lebanon wants raid moratorium". The Bulletin. Beirut. Associated Press. 27 January 1975. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Libya Building up Forces to Counter Israelis". The Beaver County Times. AP. 22 September 1980. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
- ^ Nadim Ladki (13 December 2005). "Lebanon mourns slain newspaper magnate". Journal of Turkish Weekly. Beirut. Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ Ihsan A. Hijazi (19 January 1990). "A Second Newspaper Is Shut by Lebanese General". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
- ^ a b "Kidnapped journalist in Lebanon is released". Observer–Reporter. Beirut. AP. 21 January 1990. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
| Arabic dailies | |
|---|---|
| Other dailies | |
| Other newspapers | |
| Defunct publications | |
- 21st century in Beirut
- 20th century in Beirut
- 1911 establishments in Ottoman Syria
- 2011 disestablishments in Lebanon
- Daily newspapers published in Lebanon
- Defunct Arabic-language newspapers
- Defunct newspapers published in Lebanon
- Newspapers established in 1911
- Newspapers published in Beirut
- Publications disestablished in 2011