| General information | |
|---|---|
| Launched | 2018 [1] |
| Designed by | ARM Holdings |
| Performance | |
| Max. CPU clock rate | to 3.0 GHz in phones and 3.3 GHz in tablets/laptops |
| FSB speeds | 100 to 104 |
| Address width | 40-bit |
| Cache | |
| L1 cache | 128 KiB (64 KiB I-cache with parity, 64 KiB D-cache) per core |
| L2 cache | 128–512 KiB per core |
| L3 cache | 512 KiB–4 MiB (optional) |
| Architecture and classification | |
| Microarchitecture | ARM Cortex-A76 |
| Instruction set | ARMv8-A: A64, A32, and T32 (at the EL0 only) |
| Extensions | |
| Physical specifications | |
| Cores |
|
| Co-processor | ARM Cortex-A55 (optional) |
| Products, models, variants | |
| Product code name |
|
| Variant | |
| History | |
| Predecessors |
ARM Cortex-A75 ARM Cortex-A73 ARM Cortex-A72 |
| Successor | ARM Cortex-A77 |
The ARM Cortex-A76 is a central processing unit implementing the ARMv8.2-A 64-bit instruction set designed by ARM Holdings' Austin design centre. ARM states a 25% and 35% increase in integer and floating point performance, respectively, over a Cortex-A75 of the previous generation. [2]
Design
The Cortex-A76 serves as the successor of the ARM Cortex-A73 and ARM Cortex-A75, though based on a clean sheet design.
The Cortex-A76 frontend is a 4-wide decode out-of-order superscalar design. It can fetch 4 instructions per cycle. And[ clarification needed] rename and dispatch 4 Mops, and 8 μops per cycle. The out-of-order window size is 128 entries. The backend is 8 execution ports[ clarification needed] with a pipeline depth of 13 stages and the execution latencies of 11 stages. [2] [3]
The core supports unprivileged 32-bit applications, but privileged applications must utilize the 64-bit ARMv8-A ISA. [4] It also supports Load acquire (LDAPR) instructions ( ARMv8.3-A), Dot Product instructions ( ARMv8.4-A), PSTATE Speculative Store Bypass Safe (SSBS) bit and the speculation barriers (CSDB, SSBB, PSSBB) instructions ( ARMv8.5-A). [5]
Memory bandwidth increased 90% relative to the A75. [6] [7] According to ARM, the A76 is expected to offer twice the performance of an A73 and is targeted beyond mobile workloads. The performance is targeted at " laptop class", including Windows 10 devices, [8] competitive with Intel's Kaby Lake. [9]
The Cortex-A76 support ARM's DynamIQ technology, expected to be used as high-performance cores when used in combination with Cortex-A55 power-efficient cores. [2]
Licensing
The Cortex-A76 is available as a SIP core to licensees, and its design makes it suitable for integration with other SIP cores (e.g. GPU, display controller, DSP, image processor, etc.) into one die constituting a system on a chip (SoC).
Usage
The Cortex-A76 was first used in the HiSilicon Kirin 980. [10]
ARM has also collaborated with Qualcomm for a semi-custom version of the Cortex-A76, used within their high-end Kryo 495 (Snapdragon 8cx)/ Kryo 485 (Snapdragon 855 and 855 Plus), and also in their mid-range Kryo 460 (Snapdragon 675) and Kryo 470 (Snapdragon 730) CPUs. One of the modifications Qualcomm made was increasing reorder buffer to increase the out-of-order window size. [11]
It is also used in the Exynos 990 and Exynos Auto V9, [12] the MediaTek Helio G90/G90T/G95/G99 and Dimensity 800 and Dimensity 820, and the HiSilicon Kirin 985 5G and Kirin 990 4G/990 5G/990E 5G. [13] [14] [15]
The Cortex-A76 can be found in Snapdragon 855 as Big-core.
The Cortex-A76 is used as Big-core in Intel Agilex D-series SoC FPGA devices. [16]
In 2020 Cortex-A76 was used in Rockchip RK3588 and RK3588s.
In September 2023, the Raspberry Pi 5 was introduced with a Broadcom BCM2712 quad-core Arm Cortex-A76 processor with a clock speed of 2.4 GHz. [17]
See also
- ARM Cortex-A75, predecessor
- ARM Cortex-A77, successor
- Comparison of ARMv8-A cores, ARMv8 family
References
- ^ Shrout, Ryan; Moorhead, Patrick (31 May 2018). "Ep 23 - 5/31/18 - The Future of Arm with Nandan Nayampally". The Tech Analysts Podcast. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ a b c Frumusanu, Andrei (31 May 2018). "Arm Cortex-A76 CPU Unveiled". Anandtech. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ "Arm Unveils Cortex-A77, Emphasizes Single-Thread Performance". WikiChip Fuse. 2019-05-26. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ Williams, Chris (31 May 2018). "Arm emits Cortex-A76 – its first 64-bit-only CPU core (in kernel mode)". The Register. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ "ARM documentation set for Cortex-A76". infocenter.arm.com. Retrieved 2019-06-15.
- ^ Armasu, Lucian (31 May 2018). "Arm's Cortex-A76 Could Be The First True Challenger To x86 Chips On Laptops". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ Triggs, Robert (31 May 2018). "Arm Cortex-A76 CPU deep dive". Android Authority. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ Hruska, Joel (31 May 2018). "ARM's New Cortex-A76 SoC Targets Windows Laptop Market". Extreme Tech. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ Bright, Peter (1 June 2018). "ARM promises laptop-level performance in 2019". Ars Technica. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ Frumusanu, Andrei. "HiSilicon Announces The Kirin 980: First A76, G76 on 7nm". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
- ^ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm's New Cortex-A77 CPU Micro-architecture: Evolving Performance". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
- ^ "Exynos 990 Mobile Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos". Samsung Semiconductor. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ MediaTek (2020-06-18). "MediaTek Helio G90 Series". MediaTek. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ MediaTek (2020-06-18). "MediaTek Dimensity 800". MediaTek. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ MediaTek (2020-06-18). "MediaTek Dimensity 820". MediaTek. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ Mark van der Zalm. "Intel Agilex D-Series FPGA White Paper". Intel. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
- ^ Eben Upton. "Introducing: Raspberry Pi 5!". Raspberry Pi. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
| General information | |
|---|---|
| Launched | 2018 [1] |
| Designed by | ARM Holdings |
| Performance | |
| Max. CPU clock rate | to 3.0 GHz in phones and 3.3 GHz in tablets/laptops |
| FSB speeds | 100 to 104 |
| Address width | 40-bit |
| Cache | |
| L1 cache | 128 KiB (64 KiB I-cache with parity, 64 KiB D-cache) per core |
| L2 cache | 128–512 KiB per core |
| L3 cache | 512 KiB–4 MiB (optional) |
| Architecture and classification | |
| Microarchitecture | ARM Cortex-A76 |
| Instruction set | ARMv8-A: A64, A32, and T32 (at the EL0 only) |
| Extensions | |
| Physical specifications | |
| Cores |
|
| Co-processor | ARM Cortex-A55 (optional) |
| Products, models, variants | |
| Product code name |
|
| Variant | |
| History | |
| Predecessors |
ARM Cortex-A75 ARM Cortex-A73 ARM Cortex-A72 |
| Successor | ARM Cortex-A77 |
The ARM Cortex-A76 is a central processing unit implementing the ARMv8.2-A 64-bit instruction set designed by ARM Holdings' Austin design centre. ARM states a 25% and 35% increase in integer and floating point performance, respectively, over a Cortex-A75 of the previous generation. [2]
Design
The Cortex-A76 serves as the successor of the ARM Cortex-A73 and ARM Cortex-A75, though based on a clean sheet design.
The Cortex-A76 frontend is a 4-wide decode out-of-order superscalar design. It can fetch 4 instructions per cycle. And[ clarification needed] rename and dispatch 4 Mops, and 8 μops per cycle. The out-of-order window size is 128 entries. The backend is 8 execution ports[ clarification needed] with a pipeline depth of 13 stages and the execution latencies of 11 stages. [2] [3]
The core supports unprivileged 32-bit applications, but privileged applications must utilize the 64-bit ARMv8-A ISA. [4] It also supports Load acquire (LDAPR) instructions ( ARMv8.3-A), Dot Product instructions ( ARMv8.4-A), PSTATE Speculative Store Bypass Safe (SSBS) bit and the speculation barriers (CSDB, SSBB, PSSBB) instructions ( ARMv8.5-A). [5]
Memory bandwidth increased 90% relative to the A75. [6] [7] According to ARM, the A76 is expected to offer twice the performance of an A73 and is targeted beyond mobile workloads. The performance is targeted at " laptop class", including Windows 10 devices, [8] competitive with Intel's Kaby Lake. [9]
The Cortex-A76 support ARM's DynamIQ technology, expected to be used as high-performance cores when used in combination with Cortex-A55 power-efficient cores. [2]
Licensing
The Cortex-A76 is available as a SIP core to licensees, and its design makes it suitable for integration with other SIP cores (e.g. GPU, display controller, DSP, image processor, etc.) into one die constituting a system on a chip (SoC).
Usage
The Cortex-A76 was first used in the HiSilicon Kirin 980. [10]
ARM has also collaborated with Qualcomm for a semi-custom version of the Cortex-A76, used within their high-end Kryo 495 (Snapdragon 8cx)/ Kryo 485 (Snapdragon 855 and 855 Plus), and also in their mid-range Kryo 460 (Snapdragon 675) and Kryo 470 (Snapdragon 730) CPUs. One of the modifications Qualcomm made was increasing reorder buffer to increase the out-of-order window size. [11]
It is also used in the Exynos 990 and Exynos Auto V9, [12] the MediaTek Helio G90/G90T/G95/G99 and Dimensity 800 and Dimensity 820, and the HiSilicon Kirin 985 5G and Kirin 990 4G/990 5G/990E 5G. [13] [14] [15]
The Cortex-A76 can be found in Snapdragon 855 as Big-core.
The Cortex-A76 is used as Big-core in Intel Agilex D-series SoC FPGA devices. [16]
In 2020 Cortex-A76 was used in Rockchip RK3588 and RK3588s.
In September 2023, the Raspberry Pi 5 was introduced with a Broadcom BCM2712 quad-core Arm Cortex-A76 processor with a clock speed of 2.4 GHz. [17]
See also
- ARM Cortex-A75, predecessor
- ARM Cortex-A77, successor
- Comparison of ARMv8-A cores, ARMv8 family
References
- ^ Shrout, Ryan; Moorhead, Patrick (31 May 2018). "Ep 23 - 5/31/18 - The Future of Arm with Nandan Nayampally". The Tech Analysts Podcast. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ a b c Frumusanu, Andrei (31 May 2018). "Arm Cortex-A76 CPU Unveiled". Anandtech. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ "Arm Unveils Cortex-A77, Emphasizes Single-Thread Performance". WikiChip Fuse. 2019-05-26. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ Williams, Chris (31 May 2018). "Arm emits Cortex-A76 – its first 64-bit-only CPU core (in kernel mode)". The Register. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ "ARM documentation set for Cortex-A76". infocenter.arm.com. Retrieved 2019-06-15.
- ^ Armasu, Lucian (31 May 2018). "Arm's Cortex-A76 Could Be The First True Challenger To x86 Chips On Laptops". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ Triggs, Robert (31 May 2018). "Arm Cortex-A76 CPU deep dive". Android Authority. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ Hruska, Joel (31 May 2018). "ARM's New Cortex-A76 SoC Targets Windows Laptop Market". Extreme Tech. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ Bright, Peter (1 June 2018). "ARM promises laptop-level performance in 2019". Ars Technica. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ^ Frumusanu, Andrei. "HiSilicon Announces The Kirin 980: First A76, G76 on 7nm". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
- ^ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm's New Cortex-A77 CPU Micro-architecture: Evolving Performance". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
- ^ "Exynos 990 Mobile Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos". Samsung Semiconductor. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ MediaTek (2020-06-18). "MediaTek Helio G90 Series". MediaTek. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ MediaTek (2020-06-18). "MediaTek Dimensity 800". MediaTek. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ MediaTek (2020-06-18). "MediaTek Dimensity 820". MediaTek. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ Mark van der Zalm. "Intel Agilex D-Series FPGA White Paper". Intel. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
- ^ Eben Upton. "Introducing: Raspberry Pi 5!". Raspberry Pi. Retrieved 2023-10-21.