Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Heritage Month (as of 2021[update], officially changed from Asian American Pacific Islander Month)[1] is observed in the
United States during the month of
May, and recognizes the contributions and influence of
Asian Americans,
Native Hawaiians and other
Pacific Islander Americans to the history, culture, and achievements of the United States.[2][3]
The first Asians documented in the Americas arrived in 1587, when Filipinos
landed in California;[4][5] from
1898 to 1946, the Philippines was an American possession.[6] The next group of Asians documented in what would be the United States were Indians in
Jamestown, documented as early as 1635.[7] In 1778, the first Chinese to reach what would be the United States,
arrived in Hawaii.[8] In 1788, the first Native Hawaiian arrived on the continental United States, in Oregon;[9] in 1900, Hawaii was
annexed by the United States.[10][a] The next group of Asians documented in what would be the United States were Japanese, who
arrived in Hawaii in 1806.[12] In 1884, the first Koreans arrived in the United States.[13] In 1898, Guam was
ceded to the United States;[14] beginning in the 1900s,
Chamorros began to migrate to California and Hawaii.[15][b] In 1904, what is now American Samoa was
ceded to the United States;[17] beginning in the 1920s, Samoans began to migrate to Hawaii and the continental United States, with the first Samoans documented in Hawaii in 1920.[18] In 1912, the first Vietnamese was documented in the United States.[19]
The proposed resolutions sought that May be designated for two reasons. First, on May 7, 1843, the first Japanese immigrant, Nakahama Manjirō, arrived in the United States.[24][25][26] More than two decades later, on May 10, 1869, the
golden spike was driven into the
first transcontinental railroad, which was completed using Chinese labor.[24][25][27]
President
Jimmy Carter signed a joint resolution for the celebration on October 5, 1978.[21]
On May 1, 2009, President
Barack Obama signed
Proclamation 8369, recognizing the month of May as Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.[1][28]
On April 30, 2021, President
Joe Biden signed
Proclamation 10189, recognizing the month of May as Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.[1][3]
Federal legislation
"A joint resolution authorizing the President to proclaim annually a week during the first 10 days in May as Pacific/Asian American Heritage Week." was text in House Joint Resolution 540; this resolution as well as Senate Joint Resolution 72 did not pass.[29] Ultimately, though, Rep. Horton's House Joint Resolution 1007 was passed by both the House and the Senate, and was signed by President Jimmy Carter on October 5, 1978, to become Public Law 95-419.[29] In 1990,
George H. W. Bush signed a bill passed by Congress to extend Asian-American Heritage Week to a month;[30] May was officially designated as Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month two years later.[24][29][31]
Observances
During Asian Pacific American Heritage Month, communities celebrate the achievements and contributions of Asian and Pacific Americans with community festivals, government-sponsored activities and educational activities for students.[32]
^
abcTiangco, Arielle (April 25, 2022).
"APA, AAPI, APIDA or AANHPI? The history and significance of the "Asian American" identity crisis". The Optimist Daily.
Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 25, 2024. Formerly known as Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month, the name officially changed to Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Heritage Month in April 2021, with President Joe Biden's signing of Proclamation 10189.
^Lee, Antionette J.; Moresi, Michele Gates; Dador, Daphne; Paz, Janet; Borah, Eloisa; Cohen, Lucy; Foster, Kevin; Feller, Laura; Harper, Marilyn; Muir, John; Odo, Franklin; Perschler, Martin; Pfeifer, Mark; Shull, Carol; Seibert, Erika Martin; Sprinkle, John; Vivian, Dan; Wegars, Priscilla; Wu, Frank; Kingsbury, Lawrence; Pitcaithley, Dwight (2005).
Asian Reflections On The American Landscape: Identifying and Interpreting Asian Heritage(PDF) (Report). National Center for Cultural Resources. National Park Service.
Archived(PDF) from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
^Clark, Robert Carlton (March 1934). "Hawaiians in Early Oregon". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 35 (1): 22–31.
JSTOR20610848. Rabun, Sheila (June 1, 2011).
"Aloha, Oregon! Hawaiians In Northwest History". Oregon Digital Newspaper Program. University of Oregon.
Archived from the original on April 19, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
^Office of the Historian (2016).
"The Spanish-American War, 1898". Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations. United States Department of State.
Archived from the original on June 19, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2020. Leonard, Thomas; Buchenau, Jurgen; Longley, Kyle; Mount, Graeme (January 31, 2012).
Encyclopedia of U.S. - Latin American Relations. SAGE Publications. p. 732.
ISBN978-1-60871-792-7.
Archived from the original on March 23, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
^Keith, Charles (March 2019). "The First Vietnamese in America". Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia. 34 (1): 48–75.
doi:
10.1355/sj34-1b.
JSTOR26594524.
S2CID195578702.
(federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific
racial/ethnic group or
sexual minority, (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) =
Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies
Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Heritage Month (as of 2021[update], officially changed from Asian American Pacific Islander Month)[1] is observed in the
United States during the month of
May, and recognizes the contributions and influence of
Asian Americans,
Native Hawaiians and other
Pacific Islander Americans to the history, culture, and achievements of the United States.[2][3]
The first Asians documented in the Americas arrived in 1587, when Filipinos
landed in California;[4][5] from
1898 to 1946, the Philippines was an American possession.[6] The next group of Asians documented in what would be the United States were Indians in
Jamestown, documented as early as 1635.[7] In 1778, the first Chinese to reach what would be the United States,
arrived in Hawaii.[8] In 1788, the first Native Hawaiian arrived on the continental United States, in Oregon;[9] in 1900, Hawaii was
annexed by the United States.[10][a] The next group of Asians documented in what would be the United States were Japanese, who
arrived in Hawaii in 1806.[12] In 1884, the first Koreans arrived in the United States.[13] In 1898, Guam was
ceded to the United States;[14] beginning in the 1900s,
Chamorros began to migrate to California and Hawaii.[15][b] In 1904, what is now American Samoa was
ceded to the United States;[17] beginning in the 1920s, Samoans began to migrate to Hawaii and the continental United States, with the first Samoans documented in Hawaii in 1920.[18] In 1912, the first Vietnamese was documented in the United States.[19]
The proposed resolutions sought that May be designated for two reasons. First, on May 7, 1843, the first Japanese immigrant, Nakahama Manjirō, arrived in the United States.[24][25][26] More than two decades later, on May 10, 1869, the
golden spike was driven into the
first transcontinental railroad, which was completed using Chinese labor.[24][25][27]
President
Jimmy Carter signed a joint resolution for the celebration on October 5, 1978.[21]
On May 1, 2009, President
Barack Obama signed
Proclamation 8369, recognizing the month of May as Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.[1][28]
On April 30, 2021, President
Joe Biden signed
Proclamation 10189, recognizing the month of May as Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.[1][3]
Federal legislation
"A joint resolution authorizing the President to proclaim annually a week during the first 10 days in May as Pacific/Asian American Heritage Week." was text in House Joint Resolution 540; this resolution as well as Senate Joint Resolution 72 did not pass.[29] Ultimately, though, Rep. Horton's House Joint Resolution 1007 was passed by both the House and the Senate, and was signed by President Jimmy Carter on October 5, 1978, to become Public Law 95-419.[29] In 1990,
George H. W. Bush signed a bill passed by Congress to extend Asian-American Heritage Week to a month;[30] May was officially designated as Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month two years later.[24][29][31]
Observances
During Asian Pacific American Heritage Month, communities celebrate the achievements and contributions of Asian and Pacific Americans with community festivals, government-sponsored activities and educational activities for students.[32]
^
abcTiangco, Arielle (April 25, 2022).
"APA, AAPI, APIDA or AANHPI? The history and significance of the "Asian American" identity crisis". The Optimist Daily.
Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 25, 2024. Formerly known as Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month, the name officially changed to Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Heritage Month in April 2021, with President Joe Biden's signing of Proclamation 10189.
^Lee, Antionette J.; Moresi, Michele Gates; Dador, Daphne; Paz, Janet; Borah, Eloisa; Cohen, Lucy; Foster, Kevin; Feller, Laura; Harper, Marilyn; Muir, John; Odo, Franklin; Perschler, Martin; Pfeifer, Mark; Shull, Carol; Seibert, Erika Martin; Sprinkle, John; Vivian, Dan; Wegars, Priscilla; Wu, Frank; Kingsbury, Lawrence; Pitcaithley, Dwight (2005).
Asian Reflections On The American Landscape: Identifying and Interpreting Asian Heritage(PDF) (Report). National Center for Cultural Resources. National Park Service.
Archived(PDF) from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
^Clark, Robert Carlton (March 1934). "Hawaiians in Early Oregon". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 35 (1): 22–31.
JSTOR20610848. Rabun, Sheila (June 1, 2011).
"Aloha, Oregon! Hawaiians In Northwest History". Oregon Digital Newspaper Program. University of Oregon.
Archived from the original on April 19, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
^Office of the Historian (2016).
"The Spanish-American War, 1898". Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations. United States Department of State.
Archived from the original on June 19, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2020. Leonard, Thomas; Buchenau, Jurgen; Longley, Kyle; Mount, Graeme (January 31, 2012).
Encyclopedia of U.S. - Latin American Relations. SAGE Publications. p. 732.
ISBN978-1-60871-792-7.
Archived from the original on March 23, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
^Keith, Charles (March 2019). "The First Vietnamese in America". Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia. 34 (1): 48–75.
doi:
10.1355/sj34-1b.
JSTOR26594524.
S2CID195578702.
(federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific
racial/ethnic group or
sexual minority, (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) =
Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies