Acacia stenophylla | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fabales |
Family: | Fabaceae |
Subfamily: | Caesalpinioideae |
Clade: | Mimosoid clade |
Genus: | Acacia |
Species: | A. stenophylla
|
Binomial name | |
Acacia stenophylla A.Cunn. ex Benth.
| |
Occurrence data from AVH | |
Synonyms | |
Acacia stenophylla, commonly referred to as the shoestring acacia, is an evergreen tree in the family Fabaceae and native to Australia. It is not considered rare or endangered. [2]
Acacia stenophylla varies in characteristic and size from a rounded, multi-stemmed shrub to a spreading tree. [3] A. stenophylla grows from 4–20 m (13–66 ft) tall, [3] often stemming into branches at the trunk from about 1 m (3.3 ft). [4] Bark is dark-grey to blackish and rough, branchlets are smooth to sericeous and sometimes angular. [3]
The phyllodes are strap-like, 15–40 cm (5.9–15.7 in) long, 2–10 mm (0.08–0.4 in) wide, straight to slightly curved, slightly rough, free from hair or very finely puberulous, acute to acuminate, apex is often strongly curved. [3] Veins are copious and closely parallel. [5]
The racemes are 3– to 5-headed, with stems 2–15 mm (0.08–0.6 in) long, which are slightly rough or with appressed minute hairs. [3] The peduncles are 6–13 mm (0.2–0.5 in) long. [3] The flower heads are creamy-white to pale yellow in colour, spherical and 6–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) in diameter. [3] Flowers are pentamerous, with sepals three-quarters united. [3]
The pods are moniliform, up to 26 cm (10 in) long, 8–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) wide, woody-leathery textured, smooth except micro-puberulous between seeds. [3] The seeds are longitudinal, elliptic, 7–9 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long, dark brown, lacking an aril, funicle enlarged, are folded at the seed apex. [3] Flowering time is often irregular, although mainly occurring in autumn. [3]
A. stenophylla is highly salt tolerant and moderately frost and drought tolerant. [6] The average minimum annual rainfall that the tree needs is around 400 mm (16 in) per year. [7]
Acacia stenophylla normally flowers from March to August, [8] although it can flower irregularly throughout the year. [5] [9] Seed pods turn woody as they mature from October to December and produce approximately 6–12 viable seeds/g. [6]
A. stenophylla seeds germinate prolifically. [10] After major floods, seedlings can often be present along the flood-line, but only a very small proportion of these persist. [11]
Acacia stenophylla belongs to the genus Acacia, comprising 1200 species worldwide. [2] 900 of these species are endemic to Australia. [2]
Common names used in Australia include Balkura, Belalie, black wattle, Dalby myall, Dalby wattle, Dunthy, Eumong, Gooralee, Gurley, ironwood, Munumula, native willow, river cooba, and river myall. [1]
The specific epithet is derived from the Greek stenos (narrow) and phyllon (leaf), meaning 'with narrow leaves'. [12]
Acacia stenophylla is predominantly distributed in central and eastern Australia. [13]
A. stenophylla is found from the Murray River in South Australia and Victoria through western New South Wales, Northern Territory, and Queensland, with a small population also occurring in Western Australia. [13]
It mainly occurs from latitude 23° to 33° S [13] with a range from 17° to 36°S. [13] In altitude, it mainly occurs between 50 and 325 m [13] ASL with a range from near sea level to 625 m. [13]
Acacia stenophylla is most commonly found in a warm arid climatic zone. [13] A. stenophylla tends to grow to a larger size in semiarid climates, which exist in New South Wales and Queensland. [13] The species also expands into the sub-humid zone in Queensland. [13]
Disregarding the species' far southern distribution, the mean maximum temperature of the warmest month is 35–38 °C and the mean minimum of the coolest month 4–7 °C. [13] There are, on average, about 110–130 days per year over 32 °C and 15–50 days over 38 °C. [6]
A. stenophylla is subject to 1–20 heavy frosts per year, [13] and withstands a variable rainfall frequency. [13] Rainfall is often augmented by groundwater or periodic flooding. [6]
Acacia stenophylla is common throughout the Interior Lowlands physiographic division. [13] It is often present on plains and gentle slopes and is common on the banks of watercourses, river flood plains, and depressions. [13] The soils are predominantly fine-textured alluvials, red sandy clay and grey cracking clays. [13] Soils often have a high pH and may be more saline in the lower horizons. [13]
Acacia stenophylla occurs in ribbon-like stands along watercourses, often as a part of eucalyptus dominated open-forest, woodland or low woodland. [13] The species can be present in the understorey, often with Acacia salicina and Acacia pendula. [13] It can also occur alongside Eucalyptus populnea and Casuarina cristata, but commonly grows independently alongside watercourses in semiarid areas. [14]
Acacia stenophylla is rarely utilised by cattle, [11] but it is palatable to sheep. [15] Seeds and pods of A. stenophylla were roasted and used by Indigenous Australians as a food source. [16]
The plant is said to contain medicinal alkaloids. [17]
A. stenophylla is widely planted as a drought tolerant and decumbent ornamental tree. [13] It is cultivated by plant nurseries, and used in modernist gardens and in public landscapes in the Southwestern United States and California.[ citation needed]
Acacia stenophylla | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fabales |
Family: | Fabaceae |
Subfamily: | Caesalpinioideae |
Clade: | Mimosoid clade |
Genus: | Acacia |
Species: | A. stenophylla
|
Binomial name | |
Acacia stenophylla A.Cunn. ex Benth.
| |
Occurrence data from AVH | |
Synonyms | |
Acacia stenophylla, commonly referred to as the shoestring acacia, is an evergreen tree in the family Fabaceae and native to Australia. It is not considered rare or endangered. [2]
Acacia stenophylla varies in characteristic and size from a rounded, multi-stemmed shrub to a spreading tree. [3] A. stenophylla grows from 4–20 m (13–66 ft) tall, [3] often stemming into branches at the trunk from about 1 m (3.3 ft). [4] Bark is dark-grey to blackish and rough, branchlets are smooth to sericeous and sometimes angular. [3]
The phyllodes are strap-like, 15–40 cm (5.9–15.7 in) long, 2–10 mm (0.08–0.4 in) wide, straight to slightly curved, slightly rough, free from hair or very finely puberulous, acute to acuminate, apex is often strongly curved. [3] Veins are copious and closely parallel. [5]
The racemes are 3– to 5-headed, with stems 2–15 mm (0.08–0.6 in) long, which are slightly rough or with appressed minute hairs. [3] The peduncles are 6–13 mm (0.2–0.5 in) long. [3] The flower heads are creamy-white to pale yellow in colour, spherical and 6–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) in diameter. [3] Flowers are pentamerous, with sepals three-quarters united. [3]
The pods are moniliform, up to 26 cm (10 in) long, 8–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) wide, woody-leathery textured, smooth except micro-puberulous between seeds. [3] The seeds are longitudinal, elliptic, 7–9 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long, dark brown, lacking an aril, funicle enlarged, are folded at the seed apex. [3] Flowering time is often irregular, although mainly occurring in autumn. [3]
A. stenophylla is highly salt tolerant and moderately frost and drought tolerant. [6] The average minimum annual rainfall that the tree needs is around 400 mm (16 in) per year. [7]
Acacia stenophylla normally flowers from March to August, [8] although it can flower irregularly throughout the year. [5] [9] Seed pods turn woody as they mature from October to December and produce approximately 6–12 viable seeds/g. [6]
A. stenophylla seeds germinate prolifically. [10] After major floods, seedlings can often be present along the flood-line, but only a very small proportion of these persist. [11]
Acacia stenophylla belongs to the genus Acacia, comprising 1200 species worldwide. [2] 900 of these species are endemic to Australia. [2]
Common names used in Australia include Balkura, Belalie, black wattle, Dalby myall, Dalby wattle, Dunthy, Eumong, Gooralee, Gurley, ironwood, Munumula, native willow, river cooba, and river myall. [1]
The specific epithet is derived from the Greek stenos (narrow) and phyllon (leaf), meaning 'with narrow leaves'. [12]
Acacia stenophylla is predominantly distributed in central and eastern Australia. [13]
A. stenophylla is found from the Murray River in South Australia and Victoria through western New South Wales, Northern Territory, and Queensland, with a small population also occurring in Western Australia. [13]
It mainly occurs from latitude 23° to 33° S [13] with a range from 17° to 36°S. [13] In altitude, it mainly occurs between 50 and 325 m [13] ASL with a range from near sea level to 625 m. [13]
Acacia stenophylla is most commonly found in a warm arid climatic zone. [13] A. stenophylla tends to grow to a larger size in semiarid climates, which exist in New South Wales and Queensland. [13] The species also expands into the sub-humid zone in Queensland. [13]
Disregarding the species' far southern distribution, the mean maximum temperature of the warmest month is 35–38 °C and the mean minimum of the coolest month 4–7 °C. [13] There are, on average, about 110–130 days per year over 32 °C and 15–50 days over 38 °C. [6]
A. stenophylla is subject to 1–20 heavy frosts per year, [13] and withstands a variable rainfall frequency. [13] Rainfall is often augmented by groundwater or periodic flooding. [6]
Acacia stenophylla is common throughout the Interior Lowlands physiographic division. [13] It is often present on plains and gentle slopes and is common on the banks of watercourses, river flood plains, and depressions. [13] The soils are predominantly fine-textured alluvials, red sandy clay and grey cracking clays. [13] Soils often have a high pH and may be more saline in the lower horizons. [13]
Acacia stenophylla occurs in ribbon-like stands along watercourses, often as a part of eucalyptus dominated open-forest, woodland or low woodland. [13] The species can be present in the understorey, often with Acacia salicina and Acacia pendula. [13] It can also occur alongside Eucalyptus populnea and Casuarina cristata, but commonly grows independently alongside watercourses in semiarid areas. [14]
Acacia stenophylla is rarely utilised by cattle, [11] but it is palatable to sheep. [15] Seeds and pods of A. stenophylla were roasted and used by Indigenous Australians as a food source. [16]
The plant is said to contain medicinal alkaloids. [17]
A. stenophylla is widely planted as a drought tolerant and decumbent ornamental tree. [13] It is cultivated by plant nurseries, and used in modernist gardens and in public landscapes in the Southwestern United States and California.[ citation needed]