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5535 Annefrank
Annefrank viewed by Stardust in 2002
Discovery  [1]
Discovered by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth
Discovery site Heidelberg Obs.
Discovery date23 March 1942
Designations
(5535) Annefrank
Named after
 Anne Frank
(Holocaust victim) [2]
1942 EM · 1978 EK6
1986 TV14 · 1991 BO2
main-belt · Flora  [3]
Orbital characteristics  [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 ( JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc75.02 yr (27,400 days)
Aphelion2.3527 AU
Perihelion2.0721 AU
2.2124 AU
Eccentricity0.0634
3.29 yr (1,202 days)
23.021 °
0° 17m 58.2s / day
Inclination4.2473°
120.64°
9.1351°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions(6.6 x 5.0 x 3.4 km) [1]
4.34±0.23 km [4]
4.8 km [1]
4.94 km (calculated) [3]
15.12 h [5]
15.156±0.0474 h [6]
21.33±0.990 h [7]
0.21±0.03 [8]
0.24 (assumed) [3]
0.279±0.092 [9]
0.311±0.056 [4]
S  [3] [8]
13.650±0.120 (R) [7] · 13.679±0.001 (R) [6] · 13.7 [1] [3] [4] · 13.88±0.32 [10]
Animation of Stardust 's trajectory from 7 February 1999 to 7 April 2011
   Stardust  ·    81P/Wild ·    Earth ·   5535 Annefrank  ·    Tempel 1

5535 Annefrank ( /ˌænˈfræŋk/), provisional designation 1942 EM, is a stony Florian asteroid and suspected contact binary from the inner asteroid belt, approximately 4.5 kilometers in diameter. It was used as a target to practice the flyby technique that the Stardust space probe would later use on the comet Wild 2. [8]

The asteroid was discovered 23 March 1942, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. [11] It was named after Anne Frank, a victim of the Holocaust. [2]

Orbit and classification

Annefrank is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest collisional populations of stony asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.4  AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,202 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 4 ° with respect to the ecliptic. [1]

The body's observation arc begins at Crimea–Nauchnij in 1978, with its identification as 1978 EK6, 36 years after its official discovery observation at Heidelberg. [11]

Physical characteristics

Annefrank has been characterized as a common S-type asteroid. [3] [8]

Diameter, albedo and shape

On 2 November 2002, the Stardust space probe flew past Annefrank at a distance of 3079 km. Its images show the asteroid to be 6.6 × 5.0 × 3.4 km, twice as big as previously thought, and its main body shaped like a triangular prism with several visible impact craters. [8] From the photographs, the albedo of Annefrank was computed to be between 0.18 and 0.24. [8] Preliminary analysis of the Stardust imagery suggests that Annefrank may be a contact binary, although other possible explanations exist for its observed shape. [8]

Rotation and poles

In October 2006, ground-based photometric observations were used in an attempt to measure Annefrank's rotational period. Analysis of the ambiguous lightcurve gave a period of 15.12 hours and a brightness variation of 0.25 magnitude with two alternative period solutions of 12 and 22.8 hours, respectively ( U=2). [3] [5]

In January 2014, photometric observations at the Palomar Transient Factory gave a rotation period of 15.156 and 21.33 hours with an amplitude of 0.17 and 0.20 magnitude, respectively ( U=2/2). [6] [7]

The lightcurve data suggests that Annefrank is not Lambertian, meaning that surface features, such as shadows from boulders and craters, play a role in the object's perceived brightness and not just the asteroid's relative size when seen from that orientation. [5]

The body's shortest axis is approximately aligned perpendicular to its orbital plane. [8]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Anne Frank, the German-Dutch-Jewish diarist who died in a Nazi concentration camp during the Second World War. [2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 14 May 1995 ( M.P.C. 25230). [12]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 5535 Annefrank (1942 EM)" (2017-03-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(5535) Annefrank". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (5535) Annefrank. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 472. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_5280. ISBN  978-3-540-00238-3.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "LCDB Data for (5535) Annefrank". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  4. ^ a b c Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv: 1209.5794. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  5. ^ a b c Schmidt, B. E.; Bauer, J.; Buratti, B. J.; Russell, C. T. (March 2007). "Rotational Light Curve and Rotation Period of 5535 Annefrank" (PDF). 38th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1338): 1859. Bibcode: 2007LPI....38.1859S. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  6. ^ a b c Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv: 1504.04041. Bibcode: 2015AJ....150...75W. doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  7. ^ a b c Chang, Chan-Kao; Ip, Wing-Huen; Lin, Hsing-Wen; Cheng, Yu-Chi; Ngeow, Chow-Choong; Yang, Ting-Chang; et al. (August 2015). "Asteroid Spin-rate Study Using the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 219 (2): 19. arXiv: 1506.08493. Bibcode: 2015ApJS..219...27C. doi: 10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/27. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Duxbury, Thomas C.; Newburn, Ray L.; Acton, Charles H.; Carranza, Eric; McElrath, Timothy P.; Ryan, Robert E.; et al. (February 2004). "Asteroid 5535 Annefrank size, shape, and orientation: Stardust first results" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 109 (E2): E02002. Bibcode: 2004JGRE..109.2002D. doi: 10.1029/2003JE002108. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  9. ^ Hillier, John K.; Bauer, James M.; Buratti, Bonnie J. (January 2011). "Photometric modeling of Asteroid 5535 Annefrank from Stardust observations". Icarus. 211 (1): 546–552. Bibcode: 2011Icar..211..546H. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.009. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  10. ^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv: 1506.00762. Bibcode: 2015Icar..261...34V. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  11. ^ a b "5535 Annefrank (1942 EM)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  12. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 20 March 2017.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to (5535) Annefrank.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=5535_Annefrank&oldid=1208933506"
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
5535 Annefrank
Annefrank viewed by Stardust in 2002
Discovery  [1]
Discovered by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth
Discovery site Heidelberg Obs.
Discovery date23 March 1942
Designations
(5535) Annefrank
Named after
 Anne Frank
(Holocaust victim) [2]
1942 EM · 1978 EK6
1986 TV14 · 1991 BO2
main-belt · Flora  [3]
Orbital characteristics  [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 ( JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc75.02 yr (27,400 days)
Aphelion2.3527 AU
Perihelion2.0721 AU
2.2124 AU
Eccentricity0.0634
3.29 yr (1,202 days)
23.021 °
0° 17m 58.2s / day
Inclination4.2473°
120.64°
9.1351°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions(6.6 x 5.0 x 3.4 km) [1]
4.34±0.23 km [4]
4.8 km [1]
4.94 km (calculated) [3]
15.12 h [5]
15.156±0.0474 h [6]
21.33±0.990 h [7]
0.21±0.03 [8]
0.24 (assumed) [3]
0.279±0.092 [9]
0.311±0.056 [4]
S  [3] [8]
13.650±0.120 (R) [7] · 13.679±0.001 (R) [6] · 13.7 [1] [3] [4] · 13.88±0.32 [10]
Animation of Stardust 's trajectory from 7 February 1999 to 7 April 2011
   Stardust  ·    81P/Wild ·    Earth ·   5535 Annefrank  ·    Tempel 1

5535 Annefrank ( /ˌænˈfræŋk/), provisional designation 1942 EM, is a stony Florian asteroid and suspected contact binary from the inner asteroid belt, approximately 4.5 kilometers in diameter. It was used as a target to practice the flyby technique that the Stardust space probe would later use on the comet Wild 2. [8]

The asteroid was discovered 23 March 1942, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. [11] It was named after Anne Frank, a victim of the Holocaust. [2]

Orbit and classification

Annefrank is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest collisional populations of stony asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.4  AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,202 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 4 ° with respect to the ecliptic. [1]

The body's observation arc begins at Crimea–Nauchnij in 1978, with its identification as 1978 EK6, 36 years after its official discovery observation at Heidelberg. [11]

Physical characteristics

Annefrank has been characterized as a common S-type asteroid. [3] [8]

Diameter, albedo and shape

On 2 November 2002, the Stardust space probe flew past Annefrank at a distance of 3079 km. Its images show the asteroid to be 6.6 × 5.0 × 3.4 km, twice as big as previously thought, and its main body shaped like a triangular prism with several visible impact craters. [8] From the photographs, the albedo of Annefrank was computed to be between 0.18 and 0.24. [8] Preliminary analysis of the Stardust imagery suggests that Annefrank may be a contact binary, although other possible explanations exist for its observed shape. [8]

Rotation and poles

In October 2006, ground-based photometric observations were used in an attempt to measure Annefrank's rotational period. Analysis of the ambiguous lightcurve gave a period of 15.12 hours and a brightness variation of 0.25 magnitude with two alternative period solutions of 12 and 22.8 hours, respectively ( U=2). [3] [5]

In January 2014, photometric observations at the Palomar Transient Factory gave a rotation period of 15.156 and 21.33 hours with an amplitude of 0.17 and 0.20 magnitude, respectively ( U=2/2). [6] [7]

The lightcurve data suggests that Annefrank is not Lambertian, meaning that surface features, such as shadows from boulders and craters, play a role in the object's perceived brightness and not just the asteroid's relative size when seen from that orientation. [5]

The body's shortest axis is approximately aligned perpendicular to its orbital plane. [8]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Anne Frank, the German-Dutch-Jewish diarist who died in a Nazi concentration camp during the Second World War. [2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 14 May 1995 ( M.P.C. 25230). [12]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 5535 Annefrank (1942 EM)" (2017-03-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(5535) Annefrank". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (5535) Annefrank. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 472. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_5280. ISBN  978-3-540-00238-3.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "LCDB Data for (5535) Annefrank". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  4. ^ a b c Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv: 1209.5794. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  5. ^ a b c Schmidt, B. E.; Bauer, J.; Buratti, B. J.; Russell, C. T. (March 2007). "Rotational Light Curve and Rotation Period of 5535 Annefrank" (PDF). 38th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1338): 1859. Bibcode: 2007LPI....38.1859S. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  6. ^ a b c Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv: 1504.04041. Bibcode: 2015AJ....150...75W. doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  7. ^ a b c Chang, Chan-Kao; Ip, Wing-Huen; Lin, Hsing-Wen; Cheng, Yu-Chi; Ngeow, Chow-Choong; Yang, Ting-Chang; et al. (August 2015). "Asteroid Spin-rate Study Using the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 219 (2): 19. arXiv: 1506.08493. Bibcode: 2015ApJS..219...27C. doi: 10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/27. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Duxbury, Thomas C.; Newburn, Ray L.; Acton, Charles H.; Carranza, Eric; McElrath, Timothy P.; Ryan, Robert E.; et al. (February 2004). "Asteroid 5535 Annefrank size, shape, and orientation: Stardust first results" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 109 (E2): E02002. Bibcode: 2004JGRE..109.2002D. doi: 10.1029/2003JE002108. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  9. ^ Hillier, John K.; Bauer, James M.; Buratti, Bonnie J. (January 2011). "Photometric modeling of Asteroid 5535 Annefrank from Stardust observations". Icarus. 211 (1): 546–552. Bibcode: 2011Icar..211..546H. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.009. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  10. ^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv: 1506.00762. Bibcode: 2015Icar..261...34V. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  11. ^ a b "5535 Annefrank (1942 EM)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  12. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 20 March 2017.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to (5535) Annefrank.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=5535_Annefrank&oldid=1208933506"

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