Emperor
Zeno officially dissolves the east/west co-emperorship, ruling as the first sole emperor of
Rome in 85 years. The position of emperor is never again divided.
December 9 –
Odoacer occupies Dalmatia and prosecutes Nepos's killers. He later establishes his political power with the co-operation of the
Roman Senate.
Syagrius, ruler of
Domain of Soissons, manages to maintain the Roman authority in northern Gaul. He defends his "kingdom" against the neighbouring
Salian Franks.
The
Armenians revolt against
Persian rule, in an uprising that continues until
484. Led by
Vahan Mamikonian, nephew of the late
Vartan, they obtain
religious and political freedom in return for military aid. Vahan is installed as governor (marzban).
Emperor
Zeno promulgates an Edict of Union (Henotikon), in an unsuccessful effort to soften the decision made at the
Council of Chalcedon (
451), and resolve differences between the Eastern and Western Churches. Zeno wishes to placate the
Monophysite churches of
Egypt,
Palestine and
Syria for political reasons.
March 10 –
Pope Simplicius dies at
Rome after a 15-year reign, and is succeeded by
Felix III as the 48th
pope; Rome is without a pope for 10 days in the interim.[2] Felix III is a widower with two children.[3][4]
Zeno signs a
peace treaty with Theodoric the Great. He appoints him to magister militum and becomes a
consul. The Eastern Empire is saved by diplomatic negotiations, and the imperial army is strengthened behind the walls of
Constantinople.
December 23 – Huneric dies and is succeeded by his nephew
Gunthamund, who becomes king of the Vandals. During his reign the Catholics are free from persecutions and he stabilises the kingdom's economy.
Asia
The
Hephthalites (White
Huns) invade
Persia. King
Peroz I gathers an army of 50,000-100,000 men, and places his brother
Balash at the head of the government in
Ctesiphon. At the
Battle of Herat, the
Persians are ambushed and defeated. Peroz I is killed, his body is with dignity returned and buried with full honors. Balash is
crowned and becomes king of Persia.
Period of
Arthur's "twelve battles", during which he gains reputation for invincibility (approximate date).
Asia
Emperor
Xiaowen institutes an "
equal-field" system of
agriculture (juntian), assigning each
peasant family about 19 acres (140
mu) of land. The land will be part minority divided by the
farmer to be kept indefinitely and rest will revert to the state if the farmer dies or retires. The population is then divided by each other with the role of supervising one another. The result of this reform is that farmers mostly did not sell their holdings to large landowners. This provided the fiscal basis for the formation of the
Sui and
Tang dynasties.[7]
Emperor
Zeno regains power from the usurper
Leontius and the
Isaurian patrician
Illus, who are captured and executed, ending a 4-year
rebellion (see
484).
Among the peoples who live on the south bank of the
Danube in Noricum ripense and who are de facto ruled by the
Rugii, whose empire has its centre near
Krems on the north bank, are Romii who had been evacuated earlier from Danube settlements above the
River Enns. They include members of the
Severinconvent. Because some of the Rugii want to fight for East Rome against
Odoacer, they destroy the Rugian Empire and allow the Romii to be evacuated to Italy by his brother,
Hunulf, in order to prevent the re-establishment of the Rugian Empire by a surviving prince. The northern
Danubian Limes of the Roman Empire are effectively abandoned. Even the relics of
Severinus of Noricum are carried with them.
August 28 – After crossing the
Julian Alps, the Ostrogoths defeat the overwhelming forces of
Odoacer at the
Battle of Isonzo (near Roman
Aquileia or modern
Soča) and enter
Italy. This date is subsequently used by Theodoric to establish a 30-year statute of limitations (tricennium) ending on 28 August
519, after which any unlawful seizure of land during this period can no longer be contested.
September 30 –
Battle of Verona: Odoacer is defeated again by Theodoric for a second time. He retreats to the impregnable capital of
Ravenna.
The Ostrogoths capture the cities
Pavia and
Milan. The majority of Odoacer's army, including his magister militumTufa, surrenders to Theodoric.
^Duchesne, Liber Pontificalis, p. 249. "Hic sepultus est in basilica beati Petri apostoli, vi non. martias. Et cessavit episcopatus dies vi." Thiel, p. 174 §1. Jaffé, Regesta pontificum Romanorum I, p. 80. Loomis, p. 107.
Emperor
Zeno officially dissolves the east/west co-emperorship, ruling as the first sole emperor of
Rome in 85 years. The position of emperor is never again divided.
December 9 –
Odoacer occupies Dalmatia and prosecutes Nepos's killers. He later establishes his political power with the co-operation of the
Roman Senate.
Syagrius, ruler of
Domain of Soissons, manages to maintain the Roman authority in northern Gaul. He defends his "kingdom" against the neighbouring
Salian Franks.
The
Armenians revolt against
Persian rule, in an uprising that continues until
484. Led by
Vahan Mamikonian, nephew of the late
Vartan, they obtain
religious and political freedom in return for military aid. Vahan is installed as governor (marzban).
Emperor
Zeno promulgates an Edict of Union (Henotikon), in an unsuccessful effort to soften the decision made at the
Council of Chalcedon (
451), and resolve differences between the Eastern and Western Churches. Zeno wishes to placate the
Monophysite churches of
Egypt,
Palestine and
Syria for political reasons.
March 10 –
Pope Simplicius dies at
Rome after a 15-year reign, and is succeeded by
Felix III as the 48th
pope; Rome is without a pope for 10 days in the interim.[2] Felix III is a widower with two children.[3][4]
Zeno signs a
peace treaty with Theodoric the Great. He appoints him to magister militum and becomes a
consul. The Eastern Empire is saved by diplomatic negotiations, and the imperial army is strengthened behind the walls of
Constantinople.
December 23 – Huneric dies and is succeeded by his nephew
Gunthamund, who becomes king of the Vandals. During his reign the Catholics are free from persecutions and he stabilises the kingdom's economy.
Asia
The
Hephthalites (White
Huns) invade
Persia. King
Peroz I gathers an army of 50,000-100,000 men, and places his brother
Balash at the head of the government in
Ctesiphon. At the
Battle of Herat, the
Persians are ambushed and defeated. Peroz I is killed, his body is with dignity returned and buried with full honors. Balash is
crowned and becomes king of Persia.
Period of
Arthur's "twelve battles", during which he gains reputation for invincibility (approximate date).
Asia
Emperor
Xiaowen institutes an "
equal-field" system of
agriculture (juntian), assigning each
peasant family about 19 acres (140
mu) of land. The land will be part minority divided by the
farmer to be kept indefinitely and rest will revert to the state if the farmer dies or retires. The population is then divided by each other with the role of supervising one another. The result of this reform is that farmers mostly did not sell their holdings to large landowners. This provided the fiscal basis for the formation of the
Sui and
Tang dynasties.[7]
Emperor
Zeno regains power from the usurper
Leontius and the
Isaurian patrician
Illus, who are captured and executed, ending a 4-year
rebellion (see
484).
Among the peoples who live on the south bank of the
Danube in Noricum ripense and who are de facto ruled by the
Rugii, whose empire has its centre near
Krems on the north bank, are Romii who had been evacuated earlier from Danube settlements above the
River Enns. They include members of the
Severinconvent. Because some of the Rugii want to fight for East Rome against
Odoacer, they destroy the Rugian Empire and allow the Romii to be evacuated to Italy by his brother,
Hunulf, in order to prevent the re-establishment of the Rugian Empire by a surviving prince. The northern
Danubian Limes of the Roman Empire are effectively abandoned. Even the relics of
Severinus of Noricum are carried with them.
August 28 – After crossing the
Julian Alps, the Ostrogoths defeat the overwhelming forces of
Odoacer at the
Battle of Isonzo (near Roman
Aquileia or modern
Soča) and enter
Italy. This date is subsequently used by Theodoric to establish a 30-year statute of limitations (tricennium) ending on 28 August
519, after which any unlawful seizure of land during this period can no longer be contested.
September 30 –
Battle of Verona: Odoacer is defeated again by Theodoric for a second time. He retreats to the impregnable capital of
Ravenna.
The Ostrogoths capture the cities
Pavia and
Milan. The majority of Odoacer's army, including his magister militumTufa, surrenders to Theodoric.
^Duchesne, Liber Pontificalis, p. 249. "Hic sepultus est in basilica beati Petri apostoli, vi non. martias. Et cessavit episcopatus dies vi." Thiel, p. 174 §1. Jaffé, Regesta pontificum Romanorum I, p. 80. Loomis, p. 107.