2 Chronicles 12 | |
---|---|
Book | Books of Chronicles |
Category | Ketuvim |
Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 14 |
2 Chronicles 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Second Book of Chronicles the Old Testament in the Christian Bible or of the second part of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible. [1] [2] The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE. [3] This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingdom of Judah until its destruction by the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar and the beginning of restoration under Cyrus the Great of Persia ( 2 Chronicles 10 to 36). [1] The focus of this chapter is the kingdom of Israel's division in the beginning of Rehoboam's reign. [4]
This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and is divided into 16 verses.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). [5]
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century). [6] [a]
After a short recovery (three years faithfully the law of God; 2 Chronicles 11:17), Rehoboam and the people fell to apostasy, so Egypt could defeat them as a form of punishment. [11] Uzziah also behaved similarly in 2 Chronicles 26:16. [12] The siege of Jerusalem in Rehoboam's time is comparable to the one in Hezekiah's time (2 Chronicles 32). [12]
Most scholars support the identification by Champollion [20] with Shoshenq I of the 22nd dynasty (ruled Egypt 945–924 BCE), [11] who left behind "explicit records of a campaign into Canaan (scenes; a long list of Canaanite place-names from the Negev to Galilee; stelae), including a stela [found] at Megiddo", [21] [22] [23] and Bubastite Portal at Karnak, although Jerusalem was not mentioned in any of these campaign records. [21] [22] [23] A common variant of Shoshenq's name omits its 'n' glyphs, resulting in a pronunciation like, "Shoshek". [24]
This section records events at a further phase of Rehoboam's rule, which follows a tragic pattern: 'As soon as he has recovered, Rehoboam immediately apostasizes again' (cf. verse 1), so the Chronicles notes that 'he did not set his heart to seek the LORD'. [12] The concluding remarks in verses 15–16 distinguishes between the earlier and later acts of Rehoboam, although the time of separation is not entirely clear. His records were written in the books of Shemaiah and Iddo (unclear if they were two separate sources or a single text; cf. e.g. 1 Chronicles 29:29; 2 Chronicles 9:29; also 2 Chronicles 11:2 or 1 Kings 12:22 with different spelling regarding Shemaiah, and 1 Kings 13:22 regarding Iddo, probably identical person as here). [12]
2 Chronicles 12 | |
---|---|
Book | Books of Chronicles |
Category | Ketuvim |
Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 14 |
2 Chronicles 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Second Book of Chronicles the Old Testament in the Christian Bible or of the second part of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible. [1] [2] The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE. [3] This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingdom of Judah until its destruction by the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar and the beginning of restoration under Cyrus the Great of Persia ( 2 Chronicles 10 to 36). [1] The focus of this chapter is the kingdom of Israel's division in the beginning of Rehoboam's reign. [4]
This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and is divided into 16 verses.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). [5]
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century). [6] [a]
After a short recovery (three years faithfully the law of God; 2 Chronicles 11:17), Rehoboam and the people fell to apostasy, so Egypt could defeat them as a form of punishment. [11] Uzziah also behaved similarly in 2 Chronicles 26:16. [12] The siege of Jerusalem in Rehoboam's time is comparable to the one in Hezekiah's time (2 Chronicles 32). [12]
Most scholars support the identification by Champollion [20] with Shoshenq I of the 22nd dynasty (ruled Egypt 945–924 BCE), [11] who left behind "explicit records of a campaign into Canaan (scenes; a long list of Canaanite place-names from the Negev to Galilee; stelae), including a stela [found] at Megiddo", [21] [22] [23] and Bubastite Portal at Karnak, although Jerusalem was not mentioned in any of these campaign records. [21] [22] [23] A common variant of Shoshenq's name omits its 'n' glyphs, resulting in a pronunciation like, "Shoshek". [24]
This section records events at a further phase of Rehoboam's rule, which follows a tragic pattern: 'As soon as he has recovered, Rehoboam immediately apostasizes again' (cf. verse 1), so the Chronicles notes that 'he did not set his heart to seek the LORD'. [12] The concluding remarks in verses 15–16 distinguishes between the earlier and later acts of Rehoboam, although the time of separation is not entirely clear. His records were written in the books of Shemaiah and Iddo (unclear if they were two separate sources or a single text; cf. e.g. 1 Chronicles 29:29; 2 Chronicles 9:29; also 2 Chronicles 11:2 or 1 Kings 12:22 with different spelling regarding Shemaiah, and 1 Kings 13:22 regarding Iddo, probably identical person as here). [12]