| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Coma Berenices |
| Right ascension | 12h 19m 51.561s [1] |
| Declination | +31° 28′ 49.714″ [1] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | L8 [2] |
| Apparent magnitude (J) | 15.913 ± 0.082 [1] |
| Apparent magnitude (H) | 14.907 ± 0.074 [1] |
| Apparent magnitude (K) | 14.305 ± 0.072 [1] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −19.0 ± 4.2 [2] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) |
RA: –233.0 ± 23.7
[3]
mas/
yr Dec.: –49.6 ± 14.7 [3] mas/ yr |
| Distance | 66.2 ± 9.8
ly (20.3 ± 3.0 [4] pc) |
| Details [2] | |
| Mass | 0.047+0.022 −0.025 M☉ |
| Radius | 0.100+0.027 −0.013 R☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 5.1 ± 0.5 cgs |
| Temperature | 1330 ± 140 K |
| Rotation | 1.14+0.03 −0.01 h |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 79.0 ± 3.4 km/s |
| Age | 0.9+12.8 −0.8 Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
2MASS J12195156+3128497 (abbreviated to 2MASS J1219+3128) is a rapidly-rotating brown dwarf of spectral class L8, located in the constellation Coma Berenices about 66 light-years from Earth. With a photometrically measured rotation period of 1.14 hours, it is one of the fastest-rotating known brown dwarfs announced by a team of astronomers led by Megan E. Tannock in March 2021. With a rotational velocity of about 80 km/s (50 mi/s), it is approaching the predicted rotational speed limit beyond which it would break apart due to centripetal forces. As a consequence of its rapid rotation, the brown dwarf is slightly flattened at its poles to a similar degree as Saturn, the most oblate planet in the Solar System. [5] Its rapid rotation may enable strong auroral radio emissions via particle interactions in its magnetic field, as observed in other known rapidly-rotating brown dwarfs. [2]
Discovery
2MASS J1219+3128 was first catalogued as a point source in June 2003 by the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) organized by the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center under the California Institute of Technology. [6] It was discovered to be a brown dwarf of the spectral class L8 by K. Chiu and collaborators, based on near-infrared observations obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) at Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, United States. Their discovery and classification of 71 L and T dwarfs including 2MASS J1219+3128 (designated alternatively as SDSS J121951.45+312849.4) was published in The Astronomical Journal in June 2006. [7]
Distance
The distance of 2MASS J1219+3128 from Earth has not yet been measured with trigonometric parallax, so instead it is calculated from the spectrophotometric relation of spectral type and near-infrared absolute magnitude. [4] Schmidt et al. (2010) estimate a spectrophotometric distance of 18.1 ± 3.7 parsecs (59 ± 12 ly) from combined SDSS iz-band and 2MASS JHK-band photometry [3] whereas Buenzli et al. (2014) estimate a spectrophotometric distance of 20.3 ± 3.0 parsecs (66.2 ± 9.8 ly) from 2MASS H-band photometry. [4]
Proper motion
2MASS J1219+3128 has a net proper motion of 238.2 mas/ yr with position angle 257.98 degrees, [a] [b] indicating motion in south-west direction on the sky. [3]
See also
The other two discoveries of rapidly-rotating brown dwarfs, presented in Tannock et al. (2021): [2]
- 2MASS J04070752+1546457 – L3.5 spectral class brown dwarf with a period of 1.23±0.01 h
-
2MASS J03480772−6022270 – T7 spectral class brown dwarf with a period of 1.080+0.004
−0.005 h
Notes
References
- ^ a b c d e f "2MASS J12195156+3128497 -- Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass)". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam; et al. (March 2021). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 224. arXiv: 2103.01990. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161..224T. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. S2CID 232105126.
- ^ a b c d Schmidt, Sarah J.; West, Andrew A.; Hawley, Suzanne L.; Pineda, J. Sebastian (May 2010). "Colors and Kinematics of L Dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey". The Astronomical Journal. 139 (5): 1808–1821. arXiv: 1001.3402. Bibcode: 2010AJ....139.1808S. doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/139/5/1808. S2CID 190648.
- ^ a b c Buenzli, Esther; Apai, Dániel; Radigan, Jacqueline; Reid, I. Neill; Flateau, Davin (February 2014). "Brown Dwarf Photospheres are Patchy: A Hubble Space Telescope Near-infrared Spectroscopic Survey Finds Frequent Low-level Variability". The Astronomical Journal. 782 (2): 18. arXiv: 1312.5294. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...782...77B. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/782/2/77. S2CID 118492708. 77.
- ^ Cofield, Calla (7 April 2021). "Trio of Fast-Spinning Brown Dwarfs May Reveal a Rotational Speed Limit". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- ^ Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Huchra, John P.; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Light, Robert M.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Stiening, Rae; Sykes, Matthew J.; Weinberg, Martin D.; Wheaton, William A.; Wheelock, Sherry L.; Zacarias, N. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode: 2003yCat.2246....0C.
- ^ Chiu, K.; Fan, X.; Leggett, S. K.; Golimowski, D. A.; Zheng, W.; Schneider, D. P.; Brinkmann, J. (June 2006). "Seventy-One New L and T Dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 131 (5): 2722–2736. arXiv: astro-ph/0601089. Bibcode: 2006AJ....131.2722C. doi: 10.1086/501431. S2CID 119095669.
External links
- Trio of Fast-Spinning Brown Dwarfs May Reveal a Rotational Speed Limit, Calla Cofield, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 7 April 2021
- Western space scientists identify fastest-spinning "failed stars" ever found, Jeff Renaud, University of Western Ontario, 7 April 2021
- Caught Speeding: Clocking the Fastest-Spinning Brown Dwarfs, NOIRLab, 7 April 2021
2021 in space | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Space probe and telescope launches  |
|    |
| Impact events | ||
| Selected NEOs | ||
|
Exoplanets
|
| |
| Discoveries |
| |
| Comets
| ||
| Space exploration |
| |
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Coma Berenices |
| Right ascension | 12h 19m 51.561s [1] |
| Declination | +31° 28′ 49.714″ [1] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | L8 [2] |
| Apparent magnitude (J) | 15.913 ± 0.082 [1] |
| Apparent magnitude (H) | 14.907 ± 0.074 [1] |
| Apparent magnitude (K) | 14.305 ± 0.072 [1] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −19.0 ± 4.2 [2] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) |
RA: –233.0 ± 23.7
[3]
mas/
yr Dec.: –49.6 ± 14.7 [3] mas/ yr |
| Distance | 66.2 ± 9.8
ly (20.3 ± 3.0 [4] pc) |
| Details [2] | |
| Mass | 0.047+0.022 −0.025 M☉ |
| Radius | 0.100+0.027 −0.013 R☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 5.1 ± 0.5 cgs |
| Temperature | 1330 ± 140 K |
| Rotation | 1.14+0.03 −0.01 h |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 79.0 ± 3.4 km/s |
| Age | 0.9+12.8 −0.8 Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
2MASS J12195156+3128497 (abbreviated to 2MASS J1219+3128) is a rapidly-rotating brown dwarf of spectral class L8, located in the constellation Coma Berenices about 66 light-years from Earth. With a photometrically measured rotation period of 1.14 hours, it is one of the fastest-rotating known brown dwarfs announced by a team of astronomers led by Megan E. Tannock in March 2021. With a rotational velocity of about 80 km/s (50 mi/s), it is approaching the predicted rotational speed limit beyond which it would break apart due to centripetal forces. As a consequence of its rapid rotation, the brown dwarf is slightly flattened at its poles to a similar degree as Saturn, the most oblate planet in the Solar System. [5] Its rapid rotation may enable strong auroral radio emissions via particle interactions in its magnetic field, as observed in other known rapidly-rotating brown dwarfs. [2]
Discovery
2MASS J1219+3128 was first catalogued as a point source in June 2003 by the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) organized by the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center under the California Institute of Technology. [6] It was discovered to be a brown dwarf of the spectral class L8 by K. Chiu and collaborators, based on near-infrared observations obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) at Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, United States. Their discovery and classification of 71 L and T dwarfs including 2MASS J1219+3128 (designated alternatively as SDSS J121951.45+312849.4) was published in The Astronomical Journal in June 2006. [7]
Distance
The distance of 2MASS J1219+3128 from Earth has not yet been measured with trigonometric parallax, so instead it is calculated from the spectrophotometric relation of spectral type and near-infrared absolute magnitude. [4] Schmidt et al. (2010) estimate a spectrophotometric distance of 18.1 ± 3.7 parsecs (59 ± 12 ly) from combined SDSS iz-band and 2MASS JHK-band photometry [3] whereas Buenzli et al. (2014) estimate a spectrophotometric distance of 20.3 ± 3.0 parsecs (66.2 ± 9.8 ly) from 2MASS H-band photometry. [4]
Proper motion
2MASS J1219+3128 has a net proper motion of 238.2 mas/ yr with position angle 257.98 degrees, [a] [b] indicating motion in south-west direction on the sky. [3]
See also
The other two discoveries of rapidly-rotating brown dwarfs, presented in Tannock et al. (2021): [2]
- 2MASS J04070752+1546457 – L3.5 spectral class brown dwarf with a period of 1.23±0.01 h
-
2MASS J03480772−6022270 – T7 spectral class brown dwarf with a period of 1.080+0.004
−0.005 h
Notes
References
- ^ a b c d e f "2MASS J12195156+3128497 -- Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass)". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam; et al. (March 2021). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 224. arXiv: 2103.01990. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161..224T. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. S2CID 232105126.
- ^ a b c d Schmidt, Sarah J.; West, Andrew A.; Hawley, Suzanne L.; Pineda, J. Sebastian (May 2010). "Colors and Kinematics of L Dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey". The Astronomical Journal. 139 (5): 1808–1821. arXiv: 1001.3402. Bibcode: 2010AJ....139.1808S. doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/139/5/1808. S2CID 190648.
- ^ a b c Buenzli, Esther; Apai, Dániel; Radigan, Jacqueline; Reid, I. Neill; Flateau, Davin (February 2014). "Brown Dwarf Photospheres are Patchy: A Hubble Space Telescope Near-infrared Spectroscopic Survey Finds Frequent Low-level Variability". The Astronomical Journal. 782 (2): 18. arXiv: 1312.5294. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...782...77B. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/782/2/77. S2CID 118492708. 77.
- ^ Cofield, Calla (7 April 2021). "Trio of Fast-Spinning Brown Dwarfs May Reveal a Rotational Speed Limit". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- ^ Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Huchra, John P.; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Light, Robert M.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Stiening, Rae; Sykes, Matthew J.; Weinberg, Martin D.; Wheaton, William A.; Wheelock, Sherry L.; Zacarias, N. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode: 2003yCat.2246....0C.
- ^ Chiu, K.; Fan, X.; Leggett, S. K.; Golimowski, D. A.; Zheng, W.; Schneider, D. P.; Brinkmann, J. (June 2006). "Seventy-One New L and T Dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 131 (5): 2722–2736. arXiv: astro-ph/0601089. Bibcode: 2006AJ....131.2722C. doi: 10.1086/501431. S2CID 119095669.
External links
- Trio of Fast-Spinning Brown Dwarfs May Reveal a Rotational Speed Limit, Calla Cofield, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 7 April 2021
- Western space scientists identify fastest-spinning "failed stars" ever found, Jeff Renaud, University of Western Ontario, 7 April 2021
- Caught Speeding: Clocking the Fastest-Spinning Brown Dwarfs, NOIRLab, 7 April 2021
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2021 in space | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Space probe and telescope launches |
| |
| Impact events | ||
| Selected NEOs | ||
|
Exoplanets
|
| |
| Discoveries |
| |
| Comets
| ||
| Space exploration |
| |