2022 Pembroke–Black Creek tornado

A photograph of the tornado by Jason Manchester
Meteorological history
Formed	April 5, 2022, 5:18 p.m. EDT ( UTC−04:00)
Dissipated	April 5, 2022, 5:33 p.m. CST ( UTC−04:00)
Duration	15 minutes
EF4 tornado
on the Enhanced Fujita scale
Highest winds	185 mph (298 km/h)
Overall effects
Fatalities	1
Injuries	12
Damage	$17 million (2022 USD)
Part of the tornado outbreak of April 4–7, 2022 and tornado outbreaks of 2022

On the afternoon of April 5, 2022, amid a tornado outbreak across the Southeastern United States, a large and violent EF4 tornado struck the city of Pembroke and the community of Black Creek, Georgia, United States. The National Weather Service forecast office in Charleston, South Carolina, rated the worst of the damage from the tornado EF4 on the Enhanced Fujita scale with winds estimated at 185 miles per hour (298 km/h). ^[1] This was the strongest tornado in the United States in 2022. ^{[2] [3] [4]}

Meteorological synopsis

During the morning of April 5, a quasi-linear convective system (QLCS), commonly known as a squall line, moved across Georgia. ^[1] The QLCS was being propelled by a mid-atmospheric shortwave ahead of a cold front. ^[1] Mixed layer convective available potential energy (MLCAPE) across Georgia was as high as 1,500–2,000 J/kg, with dew points in the mid-60s. ^[1] As the QLCS was moving across Georgia, a couple of discrete supercells formed. One of these discrete supercells would eventually become particularly robust, owing to strong wind shear and storm relative helicity values exceeding 300 ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {\operatorname {m^{2}} }{\operatorname {s} ^{2}}}}$. ^[1] This supercell eventually produced the Pembroke–Black Creek tornado. ^[1]

Tornado summary

The tornado formed just southwest of Pembroke and quickly strengthened to EF2 intensity as it moved into town. ^[5] It inflicted significant damage to the Bryan County Courthouse, which had many windows blown out and lost a large portion of its roof. ^{[1] [5]} The Bryan County Jail was also damaged and fencing around the facility was destroyed. ^[6] The Bryan County Planning and Zoning office was partially unroofed and also sustained some collapse of exterior walls. The Bryan County Administrative Complex, located near the courthouse and jail, was leveled. ^[7] A couple of older wood-frame homes were destroyed along South Main Street, multiple other structures and several vehicles in town were also damaged, and many trees and power lines were downed. ^[8] Moving east-northeast, the tornado exited the town and maintained EF2 intensity as it crossed over a wooded, marshy area, flattening a swath of trees while also destroying an outbuilding along C C Road, and heavily damaging a house on Stubbs Farm Road. ^{[1] [5]}

A home that was swept clean from its foundation at EF4 intensity in Black Creek.

A mobile home that was destroyed by the tornado. A fatality occurred at this location.

After moving north of Ellabell and entering the small community of Black Creek, the tornado strengthened and moved through George D. Hendrix Park at EF3 intensity. ^{[1] [5]} A large recreation center building was heavily damaged at this location, sustaining roof loss and collapse of exterior walls, with portions of its metal framing being twisted. Reinforced concrete light poles were snapped at the base, multiple large trees were snapped, denuded, and partially debarked, and turf at a football field in the park was also damaged. ^[5] The tornado then grew to its peak width of about 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) and reached its peak intensity of mid-range EF4 as it struck the Park Place subdivision. ^{[1] [5]} Several well-built homes here were destroyed, four of which were leveled, including two that were completely swept away with only their bare concrete slab foundations remaining. ^[5] These homes were anchor-bolted to their foundations, though there was no contextual damage evidence to support a rating above EF4. ^[5] Multiple other homes sustained major damage in the Park Place subdivision, some of which had roofs and exterior walls ripped off. ^{[1] [5]} Cars were tossed and damaged, and a large portion of the roof from the recreation center at George D. Hendrix Park landed on a house in this area, approximately 500–600 yards (460–550 m) away from where it originated. Several people were left trapped under the rubble of their damaged or destroyed homes and had to be extracted by rescue crews. No fatalities occurred in the Park Place subdivision, though there were multiple serious injuries. ^[1]

The violent tornado then crossed over Wilma Edwards Road onto the Black Creek Golf Course, where many trees were snapped and partially debarked, a golf cart barn was destroyed, and a clubhouse building sustained severe structural damage. ^{[9] [5]} Some homes at the golf course on Worthington Drive and Wellington Court were impacted by the southern edge of the circulation and sustained considerable roof and exterior damage. ^{[5] [9]} Around the golf course, the tornado reportedly changed the landscape. ^[9] The tornado then weakened but remained strong as it moved further to the east-northeast, mowing down more trees as it moved through another wooded and marshy area. ^{[1] [5]} It then crossed over McCown Lane and Olive Branch Road before striking a mobile home park along the southern end of Homestead Drive at EF3 intensity. ^{[1] [5]} Several well-anchored mobile homes were destroyed after being thrown or rolled. Some outbuildings were destroyed, and storage trailers were overturned as well. ^{[1] [5]} A 66-year-old woman was killed in one of the destroyed mobile homes, and multiple injuries occurred throughout this area. ^{[1] [10]}

The tornado then began to weaken as it crossed I-16 at the US 280 exit. ^[1] Along the east side of the interstate, the tornado caused EF1 damage to some large warehouses, ripped part of the roof off a AGCO company building at Oracal Parkway Circle, and inflicted considerable damage to trees. ^[1] It then dissipated after crossing the road at 5:33 p.m. EDT (21:33 UTC), having traveled 14.39 miles (23.16 km). ^{[1] [5] [3]} In addition to the fatality, at least 12 people were injured. ^{[1] [5]} Coupled with the EF4 tornado that struck Newnan the previous year, this event marked the first time that F4/EF4 tornadoes had struck Georgia in back-to-back years since modern records began in 1950. ^{[11] [12]}

Aftermath

Following the tornado, the Bryan County Commissioners declared a state of emergency in Pembroke. ^[13] As a result of the state of emergency, a curfew between was established overnight, which prohibited people from traveling around the area to prevent trespassing in the tornado disaster area. ^[13] The American Red Cross established a shelter in Pembroke following the tornado. ^[13] Search and rescue teams from numerous neighboring towns came to aid in sweeping the area for injuries and aiding victims. ^[14] Within 24 hours, the Bryan County Board had received $58,000 in donations and aid. ^[15] The tornado caused the largest insurance claim in the history of Bryan County, with insurance claims reaching $17 million. ^[15] In March 2024, the Bryan County Board of Commissioners approved the restoration of the Hendrix Park gymnasium, which was heavily damaged by the tornado. ^[16] In April 2024, the Bryan County Board of Commissioners agreed to pay $4.7 million to rebuild the Hendrix Park gymnasium. ^[17]

See also

• Tornadoes of 2022

References