From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Overview of the events of 1991 in science
The year 1991 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
Chemistry
Computer science
Conservation
Geophysics
Mathematics
Physics
Physiology and medicine
Technology
July 1 – World's first
GSM telephone call made in Finland.
Publications
The first open-access scientific online archive,
arXiv , is begun as a preprint service for physicists, initiated by
Paul Ginsparg .
Awards
Births
Deaths
January 30 –
John Bardeen (b.
1908 ),
American physicist, co-inventor of the
transistor and twice winner of the
Nobel Prize in Physics .
February 6 –
Salvador Luria (b.
1912 ), Italian-born
biologist , co-winner of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine .
February 23 – Sir
Charles Illingworth (b.
1899 ),
British
surgeon .
March 1 –
Edwin H. Land (b.
1909 ), American inventor of the
Land Camera .
June 2 –
Mary Loveless (b. 1899), American
immunologist .
June 5 –
Min Chueh Chang (b. 1908),
Chinese American
embryologist .
July 4 –
Victor Chang (b.
1936 ), Australian
cardiac surgeon , murdered.
December 2 –
Anne Beloff-Chain (b. 1921), British
biochemist .
References
^
"1991: Sharman becomes first Briton in space" . BBC News . 1991-05-18.
Archived from the original on 2008-03-07. Retrieved 2008-02-01 .
^ Balbus, Steven A.; Hawley, John F. (1991). "A powerful local shear instability in weakly magnetized disks".
The Astrophysical Journal . 376 : 214–233.
Bibcode :
1991ApJ...376..214B .
doi :
10.1086/170270 .
^ Iijima, Sumio (7 November 1991). "Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon".
Nature . 354 (6348): 56–58.
Bibcode :
1991Natur.354...56I .
doi :
10.1038/354056a0 .
S2CID
4302490 .
^ Monthioux, Marc; Kuznetsov, Vladimir L. (2006).
"Who should be given the credit for the discovery of carbon nanotubes?" (PDF) . Carbon . 44 (9): 1621.
doi :
10.1016/j.carbon.2006.03.019 . Retrieved 2012-02-03 .
^ Zimmermann, Philip (2001-06-05).
"PGP Marks 10th Anniversary" . Archived from
the original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 2012-01-28 .
^
"Welcome to info.cern.ch, the website of the world's first-ever web server" . CERN.
Archived from the original on 27 May 2008. Retrieved 25 May 2008 .
^
"World Wide Web—Archive of world's first website" . World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 25 May 2008 .
^
"World Wide Web—First mentioned on USENET" . 6 August 1991. Archived from
the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 25 May 2008 .
^
"The original post to alt.hypertalk describing the WorldWideWeb Project" .
Google Groups . 9 August 1991. Retrieved 25 May 2008 .
^ Pope, Kevin O.; et al. (9 May 1991).
"Mexican site for K/T impact crater?" .
Nature . 351 (6322): 105.
Bibcode :
1991Natur.351..105P .
doi :
10.1038/351105a0 .
S2CID
36707836 .
^ Hildebrand, Alan R.; Penfield, Glen T.; Kring, David A.; Pilkington, Mark; Zanoguera, Antonio Camargo; Jacobsen, Stein B.; Boynton, William V. (September 1991). "Chicxulub Crater: a possible Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary impact crater on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico".
Geology . 19 (9): 867–871.
Bibcode :
1991Geo....19..867H .
doi :
10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0867:CCAPCT>2.3.CO;2 .
^ Schulte, Peter; et al. (2010).
"The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous- Paleogene Boundary" (PDF) .
Science . 327 (5970): 1214–1218.
Bibcode :
2010Sci...327.1214S .
doi :
10.1126/science.1177265 .
PMID
20203042 .
S2CID
2659741 .
^ Candelas, Philip; de la Ossa, Xenia; Green, Paul; Parks, Linda (1991). "A pair of Calabi–Yau manifolds as an exactly soluble superconformal field theory".
Nuclear Physics B . 359 (1): 21–74.
Bibcode :
1991NuPhB.359...21C .
doi :
10.1016/0550-3213(91)90292-6 .
^ Wang, Qiudong (1991). "The global solution of the n-body problem".
Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy . 50 (1): 73–88.
Bibcode :
1991CeMDA..50...73W .
doi :
10.1007/BF00048987 .
ISSN
0923-2958 .
S2CID
118132097 .