| 1979 Hazara Uprising | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Hezb e whadat |
Soviet Union | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Sayyid Muhammad Hasan |
Nur Muhammad Taraki (1978–1979) Hafizullah Amin (1979) Babrak Karmal (1979–1986) | ||||||
In late 1979, some Hazara-led parties gathered in Hazarajat to established the Shura-e-ittifaqi under the leadership of Sayyid Ali Beheshti. [1] The uprising began and succeeded, all of Hazarajat was liberated and the Afghan government was expelled. [2] [3] The success of the new Hazarajat government was due to its support of the Hazara culture and values. [3] After the uprising, Shura-e-ittifaqi ruled the Hazarajat from 1979 to 1982 followed by Sazman-i Nasr then Hezbe Wahdat that ruled Hazarajat until 1997. During this time, Hazarajat was more peaceful than other parts of Afghanistan. [1] This was the most organized and successful Hazara uprising after several failed uprisings in the 20th century, providing the Hazaras with an organized government for the first time. [3] [4]
Aftermath
Following the uprising, the Shura-e-ittifaqi established an Islamic government controlling the majority of Hazarajat. [1] [3] The Kabul government attempted to undermine the new government in Hazarajat by using techniques such as divide and rule, and manipulating ethnic and tribal disputes but these failed. [1]
See also
References
- ^
a
b
c
d Sarabi, Humayun (2006).
Politics and Modern History of Hazara: Sectarian Politics in Afghanistan. TUFTS UNIVERSITY. pp. 48–55.
{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) - ^ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
- ^ a b c d Mousavi, Sayed Askar (1998). The_Hazaras_of_Afghanistan__An_Historical_Cultural_Economic_and_Political_Study. pp. 50–51. doi: 10.4324/9781315026930. ISBN 9781315026930. S2CID 159305144.
- ^ Ruttig, Thomas (Nov 27, 2006). "Islamists, Leftists – and a Void in the Center. Afghanistan's Political Parties and where they come from (1902-2006)" (PDF). Konrad Adenauer Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
| 1979 Hazara Uprising | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Hezb e whadat |
Soviet Union | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Sayyid Muhammad Hasan |
Nur Muhammad Taraki (1978–1979) Hafizullah Amin (1979) Babrak Karmal (1979–1986) | ||||||
In late 1979, some Hazara-led parties gathered in Hazarajat to established the Shura-e-ittifaqi under the leadership of Sayyid Ali Beheshti. [1] The uprising began and succeeded, all of Hazarajat was liberated and the Afghan government was expelled. [2] [3] The success of the new Hazarajat government was due to its support of the Hazara culture and values. [3] After the uprising, Shura-e-ittifaqi ruled the Hazarajat from 1979 to 1982 followed by Sazman-i Nasr then Hezbe Wahdat that ruled Hazarajat until 1997. During this time, Hazarajat was more peaceful than other parts of Afghanistan. [1] This was the most organized and successful Hazara uprising after several failed uprisings in the 20th century, providing the Hazaras with an organized government for the first time. [3] [4]
Aftermath
Following the uprising, the Shura-e-ittifaqi established an Islamic government controlling the majority of Hazarajat. [1] [3] The Kabul government attempted to undermine the new government in Hazarajat by using techniques such as divide and rule, and manipulating ethnic and tribal disputes but these failed. [1]
See also
References
- ^
a
b
c
d Sarabi, Humayun (2006).
Politics and Modern History of Hazara: Sectarian Politics in Afghanistan. TUFTS UNIVERSITY. pp. 48–55.
{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) - ^ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
- ^ a b c d Mousavi, Sayed Askar (1998). The_Hazaras_of_Afghanistan__An_Historical_Cultural_Economic_and_Political_Study. pp. 50–51. doi: 10.4324/9781315026930. ISBN 9781315026930. S2CID 159305144.
- ^ Ruttig, Thomas (Nov 27, 2006). "Islamists, Leftists – and a Void in the Center. Afghanistan's Political Parties and where they come from (1902-2006)" (PDF). Konrad Adenauer Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2010-01-09.