| Discovery [1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Y. Väisälä |
| Discovery site | Turku Obs. |
| Discovery date | 21 September 1938 |
| Designations | |
| (1928) Summa | |
Named after | Finnish village ( Battle of Summa) [2] |
| 1938 SO · 1969 PA | |
| main-belt · ( inner) [3] | |
| Orbital characteristics [1] | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 ( JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 78.38 yr (28,628 days) |
| Aphelion | 2.9797 AU |
| Perihelion | 1.9733 AU |
| 2.4765 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.2032 |
| 3.90 yr (1,423 days) | |
| 98.003 ° | |
| 0° 15m 10.44s / day | |
| Inclination | 4.5756° |
| 180.42° | |
| 157.80° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 8.34 km (derived)
[3] 9.333±0.170 km [4] [5] |
| 6.8549±0.0006 h
[6] 6.855±0.001 h [7] 9.66 h (dated) [8] | |
| 0.160±0.043
[4]
[5] 0.20 (assumed) [3] | |
|
S
[3]
[8] B–V = 1.010 [1] | |
| 12.68 [1] · 12.76 [3] [4] [8] · 13.20±0.85 [9] | |
1928 Summa, provisional designation 1938 SO, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter.
It was discovered on 21 September 1938, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. [10] It was named for a Finnish village where the Battle of Summa took place. [2]
Summa is a S-type asteroid that orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,423 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 5 ° with respect to the ecliptic. [1] The body's observation arc begins at Turku one night after its official discovery observation, with no precoveries taken, and no prior identifications made. [10]
In March 1984, the first but poorly rated rotational lightcurve of Summa was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. It gave a rotation period of 9.66 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.14 magnitude ( U=1). [8]
In August 2012, a refined yet ambiguous lightcurve with a period of 6.855 hours and an amplitude of 0.13 was obtained by Larry E. Owings at the Barnes Ridge Observatory in California ( U=2+). Lightcurve analysis also considered that Summa might be a binary system. [7] One month later, the so-far best rated lightcurve from British astronomer Kevin Hills using the remote controlled Riverland Dingo Observatory in Australia, gave a period of 6.8549 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.18 ( U=3). [6]
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Summa measures 9.333 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.160, [4] [5] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 8.34 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.76. [3]
This minor planet was named after the village on the Karelian Isthmus, where the Battle of Summa took place during the Finnish Winter War (1939–1940). [2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 August 1980 ( M.P.C. 5450). [11] Most of Yrjö Väisälä's discoveries have names that relate in one way or another to this military conflict between Finland and the Soviet Union during World War II.
- ^ a b c d e "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1928 Summa (1938 SO)" (2017-02-08 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ^ a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1928) Summa". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1928) Summa. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 155. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1929. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
- ^ a b c d e f "LCDB Data for (1928) Summa". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv: 1109.6407. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
- ^ a b c Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv: 1109.4096. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...68M. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ a b Hills, Kevin (January 2013). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Riverland Dingo Observatory (RDO): 501 Urhixidur, 1897 Hind, 1928 Summa, 6261 Chione, and (68216) 2001 CV 26". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 40 (1): 12–13. Bibcode: 2013MPBu...40...12H. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ a b Owings, Larry E. (April 2013). "Lightcurves for 1560 Strattonia, 1928 Summa, 2763 Jeans, 3478 Fanale, 3948 Bohr, 5275 Zdislava, and 5369 Virgiugum". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 40 (2): 104–106. Bibcode: 2013MPBu...40..104O. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus. 72 (1): 135–208. Bibcode: 1987Icar...72..135B. doi: 10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv: 1506.00762. Bibcode: 2015Icar..261...34V. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ a b "1928 Summa (1938 SO)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- (1928) Summa Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, lightcurve at Hills Observatory, Kevin Hills
- Kevin Hills, Asteroid hunter realizes life's dreams at GRAS, Remote asteroid hunting from the UK, July 2009
- Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form ( info Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine)
- Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
- Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
- 1928 Summa at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- 1928 Summa at the JPL Small-Body Database
| Discovery [1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Y. Väisälä |
| Discovery site | Turku Obs. |
| Discovery date | 21 September 1938 |
| Designations | |
| (1928) Summa | |
Named after | Finnish village ( Battle of Summa) [2] |
| 1938 SO · 1969 PA | |
| main-belt · ( inner) [3] | |
| Orbital characteristics [1] | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 ( JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 78.38 yr (28,628 days) |
| Aphelion | 2.9797 AU |
| Perihelion | 1.9733 AU |
| 2.4765 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.2032 |
| 3.90 yr (1,423 days) | |
| 98.003 ° | |
| 0° 15m 10.44s / day | |
| Inclination | 4.5756° |
| 180.42° | |
| 157.80° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 8.34 km (derived)
[3] 9.333±0.170 km [4] [5] |
| 6.8549±0.0006 h
[6] 6.855±0.001 h [7] 9.66 h (dated) [8] | |
| 0.160±0.043
[4]
[5] 0.20 (assumed) [3] | |
|
S
[3]
[8] B–V = 1.010 [1] | |
| 12.68 [1] · 12.76 [3] [4] [8] · 13.20±0.85 [9] | |
1928 Summa, provisional designation 1938 SO, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter.
It was discovered on 21 September 1938, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. [10] It was named for a Finnish village where the Battle of Summa took place. [2]
Summa is a S-type asteroid that orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,423 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 5 ° with respect to the ecliptic. [1] The body's observation arc begins at Turku one night after its official discovery observation, with no precoveries taken, and no prior identifications made. [10]
In March 1984, the first but poorly rated rotational lightcurve of Summa was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. It gave a rotation period of 9.66 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.14 magnitude ( U=1). [8]
In August 2012, a refined yet ambiguous lightcurve with a period of 6.855 hours and an amplitude of 0.13 was obtained by Larry E. Owings at the Barnes Ridge Observatory in California ( U=2+). Lightcurve analysis also considered that Summa might be a binary system. [7] One month later, the so-far best rated lightcurve from British astronomer Kevin Hills using the remote controlled Riverland Dingo Observatory in Australia, gave a period of 6.8549 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.18 ( U=3). [6]
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Summa measures 9.333 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.160, [4] [5] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 8.34 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.76. [3]
This minor planet was named after the village on the Karelian Isthmus, where the Battle of Summa took place during the Finnish Winter War (1939–1940). [2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 August 1980 ( M.P.C. 5450). [11] Most of Yrjö Väisälä's discoveries have names that relate in one way or another to this military conflict between Finland and the Soviet Union during World War II.
- ^ a b c d e "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1928 Summa (1938 SO)" (2017-02-08 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ^ a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1928) Summa". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1928) Summa. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 155. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1929. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
- ^ a b c d e f "LCDB Data for (1928) Summa". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv: 1109.6407. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
- ^ a b c Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv: 1109.4096. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...68M. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ a b Hills, Kevin (January 2013). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Riverland Dingo Observatory (RDO): 501 Urhixidur, 1897 Hind, 1928 Summa, 6261 Chione, and (68216) 2001 CV 26". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 40 (1): 12–13. Bibcode: 2013MPBu...40...12H. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ a b Owings, Larry E. (April 2013). "Lightcurves for 1560 Strattonia, 1928 Summa, 2763 Jeans, 3478 Fanale, 3948 Bohr, 5275 Zdislava, and 5369 Virgiugum". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 40 (2): 104–106. Bibcode: 2013MPBu...40..104O. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus. 72 (1): 135–208. Bibcode: 1987Icar...72..135B. doi: 10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv: 1506.00762. Bibcode: 2015Icar..261...34V. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ a b "1928 Summa (1938 SO)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- (1928) Summa Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, lightcurve at Hills Observatory, Kevin Hills
- Kevin Hills, Asteroid hunter realizes life's dreams at GRAS, Remote asteroid hunting from the UK, July 2009
- Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form ( info Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine)
- Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
- Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
- 1928 Summa at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- 1928 Summa at the JPL Small-Body Database