Maud de Braose and her son William are captured and imprisoned by King John, first at Windsor Castle and then at Corfe Castle, where they are starved to death.
August – King
John of England invades Gwynedd with assistance from other Welsh princes and, at his second attempt, penetrates the heart of Llywelyn the Great's territory.[8] When
Robert of Shrewsbury, Bishop of Bangor, refuses to meet John, Bangor is burned and the bishop is taken prisoner.
1212
Pope Innocent III releases
Llywelyn the Great and other Welsh princes from their oaths of loyalty to King John; Llywelyn re-takes most of Gwynedd.
Reginald de Braose, son-in-law of
Llywelyn the Great, goes over to the English; Llywelyn responds by attacking de Braose's lands. De Braose surrenders Swansea to Llywelyn.
Easter –
William de Braose, during a visit to
Llywelyn the Great, is found in the bedchamber of Llywelyn's wife
Joan. De Braose is hanged and Joan is placed under house arrest.
probable – Dafydd ap Llywelyn marries
Isabella de Braose, daughter of William de Braose.
11 April – Dafydd ap Llywelyn succeeds his father, Llywelyn the Great, as Prince of Gwynedd and Wales.
15 May – the
Treaty of Gloucester is signed by Dafydd ap Llywelyn and Henry III.
1241
17 March – Dafydd sends representatives to
Shrewsbury to discuss the ownership of disputed lands as required by the Treaty of Gloucester, though he absents himself. The meeting, and several others, prove fruitless.
29 August – the
Treaty of Gwerneigron is signed by Dafydd ap Llywelyn and Henry III. In it, Dafydd agrees to cede most of modern-day
Flintshire to Henry. Shortly thereafter, Dafydd hands over his half-brother,
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, to Henry for imprisonment in the
Tower of London.
1244
1 March – after several years of imprisonment, Gruffudd ap Llywelyn Fawr dies in an escape attempt. Dafydd ap Llywelyn wages war in the Marches against Henry III.
July – the earliest known document issued by
Dafydd ap Gruffydd is drawn up; in it, he is referred to as 'lord of Cymydmaen'. From this point on Dafydd plays an increasingly important role in Welsh politics.
June – A Norman army, sent to reclaim the lands taken from Rhys Fychan by his brother, Maredudd ap Rhys Grug, is defeated by
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd at the
Battle of Cymerau.
Edward I begins construction of castles at
Aberystwyth (on a new site),
Flint and
Rhuddlan, in the latter case involving canalising part of the
River Clwyd.
6 November – An English army attempting to cross the Menai Strait from
Anglesey is routed by Welsh forces in the
battle of Moel-y-Don. In spite of the setback, English forces continue to make inroads into Gwynedd.
May – The
Cross of Neith, an important religious relic acquired from Wales, is carried through London at the head of a royal procession.
2 September –
Isabella Mortimer, Countess of Arundel, marries, as her third husband, Robert de Hastang. She is subsequently fined the sum of £1,000 for having married without Royal Licence.[10]
1286
Manuscript B of the Annales Cambriae is completed, probably at the Cistercian abbey of Neath.
1287
8 June – Rhys ap Maredudd revolts in south-west Wales.
1288
20 January – Rhys ap Maredudd's revolt is finally suppressed as his final stronghold, the castle at
Newcastle Emlyn, surrenders. Rhys goes to ground.
1289
February – On attaining his majority,
Richard FitzAlan is knighted and succeeds to his title of 8th Earl of Arundel.
^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd.
ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
^Cokayne, G.E. (2000), The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, vol. I (new, 13 volumes in 14 (1910–1959; reprint in 6 volumes ed.), Gloucester, UK: Alan Sutton Publishing, p. 240
Maud de Braose and her son William are captured and imprisoned by King John, first at Windsor Castle and then at Corfe Castle, where they are starved to death.
August – King
John of England invades Gwynedd with assistance from other Welsh princes and, at his second attempt, penetrates the heart of Llywelyn the Great's territory.[8] When
Robert of Shrewsbury, Bishop of Bangor, refuses to meet John, Bangor is burned and the bishop is taken prisoner.
1212
Pope Innocent III releases
Llywelyn the Great and other Welsh princes from their oaths of loyalty to King John; Llywelyn re-takes most of Gwynedd.
Reginald de Braose, son-in-law of
Llywelyn the Great, goes over to the English; Llywelyn responds by attacking de Braose's lands. De Braose surrenders Swansea to Llywelyn.
Easter –
William de Braose, during a visit to
Llywelyn the Great, is found in the bedchamber of Llywelyn's wife
Joan. De Braose is hanged and Joan is placed under house arrest.
probable – Dafydd ap Llywelyn marries
Isabella de Braose, daughter of William de Braose.
11 April – Dafydd ap Llywelyn succeeds his father, Llywelyn the Great, as Prince of Gwynedd and Wales.
15 May – the
Treaty of Gloucester is signed by Dafydd ap Llywelyn and Henry III.
1241
17 March – Dafydd sends representatives to
Shrewsbury to discuss the ownership of disputed lands as required by the Treaty of Gloucester, though he absents himself. The meeting, and several others, prove fruitless.
29 August – the
Treaty of Gwerneigron is signed by Dafydd ap Llywelyn and Henry III. In it, Dafydd agrees to cede most of modern-day
Flintshire to Henry. Shortly thereafter, Dafydd hands over his half-brother,
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, to Henry for imprisonment in the
Tower of London.
1244
1 March – after several years of imprisonment, Gruffudd ap Llywelyn Fawr dies in an escape attempt. Dafydd ap Llywelyn wages war in the Marches against Henry III.
July – the earliest known document issued by
Dafydd ap Gruffydd is drawn up; in it, he is referred to as 'lord of Cymydmaen'. From this point on Dafydd plays an increasingly important role in Welsh politics.
June – A Norman army, sent to reclaim the lands taken from Rhys Fychan by his brother, Maredudd ap Rhys Grug, is defeated by
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd at the
Battle of Cymerau.
Edward I begins construction of castles at
Aberystwyth (on a new site),
Flint and
Rhuddlan, in the latter case involving canalising part of the
River Clwyd.
6 November – An English army attempting to cross the Menai Strait from
Anglesey is routed by Welsh forces in the
battle of Moel-y-Don. In spite of the setback, English forces continue to make inroads into Gwynedd.
May – The
Cross of Neith, an important religious relic acquired from Wales, is carried through London at the head of a royal procession.
2 September –
Isabella Mortimer, Countess of Arundel, marries, as her third husband, Robert de Hastang. She is subsequently fined the sum of £1,000 for having married without Royal Licence.[10]
1286
Manuscript B of the Annales Cambriae is completed, probably at the Cistercian abbey of Neath.
1287
8 June – Rhys ap Maredudd revolts in south-west Wales.
1288
20 January – Rhys ap Maredudd's revolt is finally suppressed as his final stronghold, the castle at
Newcastle Emlyn, surrenders. Rhys goes to ground.
1289
February – On attaining his majority,
Richard FitzAlan is knighted and succeeds to his title of 8th Earl of Arundel.
^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd.
ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
^Cokayne, G.E. (2000), The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, vol. I (new, 13 volumes in 14 (1910–1959; reprint in 6 volumes ed.), Gloucester, UK: Alan Sutton Publishing, p. 240