An Ê»ie tÅga is a special finely woven mat that is an important item of cultural value in Samoa. They are commonly referred to in English as "fine mats" although they are never used as mats [1] as they only have a purely cultural value. Ê»Ie tÅga are valued by the quality of the weave and the softness and shine of the material. They are made by women and form an important part of their role, identity and skill in their community. [2]
Ê»Ie tÅga have an unwoven fringe and a strip of red feathers. They are important in gift exchanges during cultural ceremonies and events including matai chief title bestowals, weddings and funerals. In this way, Ê»ie tÅga are passed from family to family, sometimes for many years and are greatly valued. Historically, some Ê»ie tÅga were so valuable they were given their own names. The process of making a fine Ê»ie tÅga can take months of work and have been known to take years. The completion of Ê»ie tÅga can involve a public celebration and presentation with the women parading and displaying their fine mats for all to see. [2]
Ê»Ie tÅga are never used as an actual floor mat in the western sense, functioning only as an item of cultural value. They are considered the most precious item in ceremony and gift exchanges, important in faÊ»a-SÄmoa. They represent most of the traditional wealth of Samoan families. They are exchanged and presented at weddings and funerals, and at special occasions such as the blessing of a newly built fale (house) or the opening of a new church. Ê»Ie tÅga are sometimes worn at special occasions, around the waist, similar to a lavalava. At funerals Ê»ie tÅga are given to the family of the deceased and gifts of mats and food are given in return. These exchanges display a mutual respect that enforces family ( Ê»aiga) ties.
The best quality of Ê»ie tÅga are made from a variety of long leaved pandanus known as lauÊ»ie. More common types of 'ie toga with a coarser weave are made from laufala, a variety of pandanus which has a darker green colour than the lauÊ»ie plant. The pandanus are grown in village plantations. The long leaves are selected and cut from the plant and taken back to the village. The leaves are prepared by soaking in boiling water followed by drying and bleaching in the sun. Once dry, the leaves are rolled and tied into bundles in preparation for weaving. The long dried leaves are then slit into thin strips for weaving. In the 19th century, young women would start their own mats or complete ones started by older sisters. Today, it is more common for mats to be woven by a group of women working in a fale lalaga (weaving house). The decorative red feathers were originally from Samoan or Fijian collared lory birds, called "sega," but more modern examples use dyed chicken feathers.
The Samoan language orthography is not standardized like Tongan language or Hawaiian language in regards to macron ("faÊ»amamafa") accents and glottal stop ("komaliliu") consonants. Therefore, "Ê»ie toga" is usually spelled as "Ê»ie toga" rather than "Ê»ie tÅga" with the accentuated penultimate syllable. Native speakers habitually recognize the proper pronunciation, but given the commonly unaccented spelling "toga" it is common to see the term associated with "Toga," the Samoan spelling of Tonga. Hence the inaccurate explanation that "Ê»ie tÅga" means "Tongan mat." The actual translation of "tÅga" is "treasured" or "valuable" and the term also refers collectively to prestige goods produced by women for ceremonial exchanges. Conversely, men's goods produced for such exchanges were traditionally called "Ê»oloa." This usage is corroborated in Tonga where these types of fine mats are referred to as "kie HaÊ»amoa" (Samoan mat) and "kie hingoa" ("named mats"), from the Samoan tradition of giving especially precious mats titular names. The Tongan cognate of "Ê»ie tÅga" is "kie tÅÊ»onga," while " Ê»oloa" and "koloa" are also cognates.
An Ê»ie tÅga is a special finely woven mat that is an important item of cultural value in Samoa. They are commonly referred to in English as "fine mats" although they are never used as mats [1] as they only have a purely cultural value. Ê»Ie tÅga are valued by the quality of the weave and the softness and shine of the material. They are made by women and form an important part of their role, identity and skill in their community. [2]
Ê»Ie tÅga have an unwoven fringe and a strip of red feathers. They are important in gift exchanges during cultural ceremonies and events including matai chief title bestowals, weddings and funerals. In this way, Ê»ie tÅga are passed from family to family, sometimes for many years and are greatly valued. Historically, some Ê»ie tÅga were so valuable they were given their own names. The process of making a fine Ê»ie tÅga can take months of work and have been known to take years. The completion of Ê»ie tÅga can involve a public celebration and presentation with the women parading and displaying their fine mats for all to see. [2]
Ê»Ie tÅga are never used as an actual floor mat in the western sense, functioning only as an item of cultural value. They are considered the most precious item in ceremony and gift exchanges, important in faÊ»a-SÄmoa. They represent most of the traditional wealth of Samoan families. They are exchanged and presented at weddings and funerals, and at special occasions such as the blessing of a newly built fale (house) or the opening of a new church. Ê»Ie tÅga are sometimes worn at special occasions, around the waist, similar to a lavalava. At funerals Ê»ie tÅga are given to the family of the deceased and gifts of mats and food are given in return. These exchanges display a mutual respect that enforces family ( Ê»aiga) ties.
The best quality of Ê»ie tÅga are made from a variety of long leaved pandanus known as lauÊ»ie. More common types of 'ie toga with a coarser weave are made from laufala, a variety of pandanus which has a darker green colour than the lauÊ»ie plant. The pandanus are grown in village plantations. The long leaves are selected and cut from the plant and taken back to the village. The leaves are prepared by soaking in boiling water followed by drying and bleaching in the sun. Once dry, the leaves are rolled and tied into bundles in preparation for weaving. The long dried leaves are then slit into thin strips for weaving. In the 19th century, young women would start their own mats or complete ones started by older sisters. Today, it is more common for mats to be woven by a group of women working in a fale lalaga (weaving house). The decorative red feathers were originally from Samoan or Fijian collared lory birds, called "sega," but more modern examples use dyed chicken feathers.
The Samoan language orthography is not standardized like Tongan language or Hawaiian language in regards to macron ("faÊ»amamafa") accents and glottal stop ("komaliliu") consonants. Therefore, "Ê»ie toga" is usually spelled as "Ê»ie toga" rather than "Ê»ie tÅga" with the accentuated penultimate syllable. Native speakers habitually recognize the proper pronunciation, but given the commonly unaccented spelling "toga" it is common to see the term associated with "Toga," the Samoan spelling of Tonga. Hence the inaccurate explanation that "Ê»ie tÅga" means "Tongan mat." The actual translation of "tÅga" is "treasured" or "valuable" and the term also refers collectively to prestige goods produced by women for ceremonial exchanges. Conversely, men's goods produced for such exchanges were traditionally called "Ê»oloa." This usage is corroborated in Tonga where these types of fine mats are referred to as "kie HaÊ»amoa" (Samoan mat) and "kie hingoa" ("named mats"), from the Samoan tradition of giving especially precious mats titular names. The Tongan cognate of "Ê»ie tÅga" is "kie tÅÊ»onga," while " Ê»oloa" and "koloa" are also cognates.