Mem | |
---|---|
Phoenician | |
Hebrew | מ |
Aramaic | |
Syriac | Ü¡ |
Arabic | Ù… |
Phonemic representation | m |
Position in alphabet | 13 |
Numerical value | 40 |
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician | |
Greek | Μ |
Latin | M |
Cyrillic | М |
Mem (also spelled Meem, Meme, or Mim) is the thirteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Hebrew mÄ“m מ, Aramaic mem ð¡Œ, Syriac mÄ«m Ü¡, Arabic mÄ«m Ù… and Phoenician mÄ“m ð¤Œ. Its sound value is [ m]. The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek mu (Îœ), Etruscan , Latin M, and Cyrillic Ðœ.
Mem is believed to derive from the Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol for water,
|
which had been simplified by the Phoenicians and named after their word for "water", mem ( ), ultimately coming from Proto-Semitic *may-.
MÄ«m | |
---|---|
Ù… | |
Usage | |
Writing system | Arabic script |
Type | Abjad |
Language of origin | Arabic language |
Phonetic usage | [ m] |
Unicode codepoint | U+0645 م ARABIC LETTER MEEM |
History | |
Development |
|
Other | |
Writing direction | Right-to-left |
The letter is named mīm, and is written in several ways depending on its position in the word:
Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glyph form: ( Help) |
م | ـم | ـمـ | مـ |
Some examples on its uses in Modern Standard Arabic:
MÄ«m is used in the creation of ism words (i.e. nouns and adjectives; they are treated fundamentally the same in Arabic grammar). Specifically, mÄ«m is used in the creation of the masdar (verbal noun) of Stem III verbs (the masdar of verbs on the pattern fÄÊ¿ala is mufÄÊ¿ala), of subject and object nouns for verbs of Stems II-X (using the example of Stem II, subject nouns—called fÄÊ¿il words because of their form in Stem I—are mufaÊ¿Ê¿il for verbs of Stems II-X, and object nouns—called mafÊ¿Å«l also because of their Stem I form—take the form mufaÊ¿Ê¿al for verbs of Stems II-X). Place-nouns are also created with mÄ«m; the pattern mafÊ¿al is used to create maktab "office" from the triliteral k-t-b (to write) and maá¹£naÊ¿ "factory" from á¹£-n-Ê¿ (to make).
Orthographic variants of non-final form | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Various print fonts |
Cursive Hebrew |
Rashi script | ||
Serif | Sans-serif | Monospaced | ||
מ | מ | מ |
Hebrew spelling: מֵ×
Mem represents a bilabial nasal [ m].
Orthographic variants of final form | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Various Print Fonts |
Cursive Hebrew |
Rashi Script | ||
Serif | Sans-serif | Monospaced | ||
× | × | × |
In Hebrew, Mem, like Kaph, Nun, Pe, and Tzadi, has a final form, used at the end of words: its shape changes from מ to ×.
In gematria, Mem represents the number 40 in both the Standard and Mispar Gadol Methods of Gematria; However, (mem sofit) final mem's value is 40 in the Standard Method and 600 in the Mispar Gadol method. The Standard Method adds the values of Tav and Resh (400+200) to denote the value of mem sofit.
In the Sefer Yetzirah, the letter Mem is King over Water, Formed Earth in the Universe, Cold in the Year, and the Belly in the Soul.
As an abbreviation, it stands for metre. In the Israeli army it can also stand for mefaked, commander. In Hebrew religious texts, it can stand for the name of God Makom, the Place.
Mem is associated with The Hanged Man (Atu XII), the element of water and the path between Geburah and Hod on the Tree of Life.
Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glyph form: ( Help) |
ܡ | ـܡ | ـܡـ | ܡـ |
Preview | מ | ם | م | ܡ | ࠌ | ﬦ | מּ | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | HEBREW LETTER MEM | HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM | ARABIC LETTER MEEM | SYRIAC LETTER MIM | SAMARITAN LETTER MIM | HEBREW LETTER WIDE FINAL MEM | HEBREW LETTER MEM WITH DAGESH | |||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 1502 | U+05DE | 1501 | U+05DD | 1605 | U+0645 | 1825 | U+0721 | 2060 | U+080C | 64294 | U+FB26 | 64318 | U+FB3E |
UTF-8 | 215 158 | D7 9E | 215 157 | D7 9D | 217 133 | D9 85 | 220 161 | DC A1 | 224 160 140 | E0 A0 8C | 239 172 166 | EF AC A6 | 239 172 190 | EF AC BE |
Numeric character reference | מ |
מ |
ם |
ם |
م |
م |
ܡ |
ܡ |
ࠌ |
ࠌ |
ﬦ |
ﬦ |
מּ |
מּ |
Preview | 𐎎 | 𐡌 | 𐤌 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | UGARITIC LETTER MEM | IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER MEM | PHOENICIAN LETTER MEM | |||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 66446 | U+1038E | 67660 | U+1084C | 67852 | U+1090C |
UTF-8 | 240 144 142 142 | F0 90 8E 8E | 240 144 161 140 | F0 90 A1 8C | 240 144 164 140 | F0 90 A4 8C |
UTF-16 | 55296 57230 | D800 DF8E | 55298 56396 | D802 DC4C | 55298 56588 | D802 DD0C |
Numeric character reference | 𐎎 |
𐎎 |
𐡌 |
𐡌 |
𐤌 |
𐤌 |
Mem | |
---|---|
Phoenician | |
Hebrew | מ |
Aramaic | |
Syriac | Ü¡ |
Arabic | Ù… |
Phonemic representation | m |
Position in alphabet | 13 |
Numerical value | 40 |
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician | |
Greek | Μ |
Latin | M |
Cyrillic | М |
Mem (also spelled Meem, Meme, or Mim) is the thirteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Hebrew mÄ“m מ, Aramaic mem ð¡Œ, Syriac mÄ«m Ü¡, Arabic mÄ«m Ù… and Phoenician mÄ“m ð¤Œ. Its sound value is [ m]. The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek mu (Îœ), Etruscan , Latin M, and Cyrillic Ðœ.
Mem is believed to derive from the Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol for water,
|
which had been simplified by the Phoenicians and named after their word for "water", mem ( ), ultimately coming from Proto-Semitic *may-.
MÄ«m | |
---|---|
Ù… | |
Usage | |
Writing system | Arabic script |
Type | Abjad |
Language of origin | Arabic language |
Phonetic usage | [ m] |
Unicode codepoint | U+0645 م ARABIC LETTER MEEM |
History | |
Development |
|
Other | |
Writing direction | Right-to-left |
The letter is named mīm, and is written in several ways depending on its position in the word:
Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glyph form: ( Help) |
م | ـم | ـمـ | مـ |
Some examples on its uses in Modern Standard Arabic:
MÄ«m is used in the creation of ism words (i.e. nouns and adjectives; they are treated fundamentally the same in Arabic grammar). Specifically, mÄ«m is used in the creation of the masdar (verbal noun) of Stem III verbs (the masdar of verbs on the pattern fÄÊ¿ala is mufÄÊ¿ala), of subject and object nouns for verbs of Stems II-X (using the example of Stem II, subject nouns—called fÄÊ¿il words because of their form in Stem I—are mufaÊ¿Ê¿il for verbs of Stems II-X, and object nouns—called mafÊ¿Å«l also because of their Stem I form—take the form mufaÊ¿Ê¿al for verbs of Stems II-X). Place-nouns are also created with mÄ«m; the pattern mafÊ¿al is used to create maktab "office" from the triliteral k-t-b (to write) and maá¹£naÊ¿ "factory" from á¹£-n-Ê¿ (to make).
Orthographic variants of non-final form | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Various print fonts |
Cursive Hebrew |
Rashi script | ||
Serif | Sans-serif | Monospaced | ||
מ | מ | מ |
Hebrew spelling: מֵ×
Mem represents a bilabial nasal [ m].
Orthographic variants of final form | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Various Print Fonts |
Cursive Hebrew |
Rashi Script | ||
Serif | Sans-serif | Monospaced | ||
× | × | × |
In Hebrew, Mem, like Kaph, Nun, Pe, and Tzadi, has a final form, used at the end of words: its shape changes from מ to ×.
In gematria, Mem represents the number 40 in both the Standard and Mispar Gadol Methods of Gematria; However, (mem sofit) final mem's value is 40 in the Standard Method and 600 in the Mispar Gadol method. The Standard Method adds the values of Tav and Resh (400+200) to denote the value of mem sofit.
In the Sefer Yetzirah, the letter Mem is King over Water, Formed Earth in the Universe, Cold in the Year, and the Belly in the Soul.
As an abbreviation, it stands for metre. In the Israeli army it can also stand for mefaked, commander. In Hebrew religious texts, it can stand for the name of God Makom, the Place.
Mem is associated with The Hanged Man (Atu XII), the element of water and the path between Geburah and Hod on the Tree of Life.
Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glyph form: ( Help) |
ܡ | ـܡ | ـܡـ | ܡـ |
Preview | מ | ם | م | ܡ | ࠌ | ﬦ | מּ | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | HEBREW LETTER MEM | HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM | ARABIC LETTER MEEM | SYRIAC LETTER MIM | SAMARITAN LETTER MIM | HEBREW LETTER WIDE FINAL MEM | HEBREW LETTER MEM WITH DAGESH | |||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 1502 | U+05DE | 1501 | U+05DD | 1605 | U+0645 | 1825 | U+0721 | 2060 | U+080C | 64294 | U+FB26 | 64318 | U+FB3E |
UTF-8 | 215 158 | D7 9E | 215 157 | D7 9D | 217 133 | D9 85 | 220 161 | DC A1 | 224 160 140 | E0 A0 8C | 239 172 166 | EF AC A6 | 239 172 190 | EF AC BE |
Numeric character reference | מ |
מ |
ם |
ם |
م |
م |
ܡ |
ܡ |
ࠌ |
ࠌ |
ﬦ |
ﬦ |
מּ |
מּ |
Preview | 𐎎 | 𐡌 | 𐤌 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | UGARITIC LETTER MEM | IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER MEM | PHOENICIAN LETTER MEM | |||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 66446 | U+1038E | 67660 | U+1084C | 67852 | U+1090C |
UTF-8 | 240 144 142 142 | F0 90 8E 8E | 240 144 161 140 | F0 90 A1 8C | 240 144 164 140 | F0 90 A4 8C |
UTF-16 | 55296 57230 | D800 DF8E | 55298 56396 | D802 DC4C | 55298 56588 | D802 DD0C |
Numeric character reference | 𐎎 |
𐎎 |
𐡌 |
𐡌 |
𐤌 |
𐤌 |