This article includes a list of general
references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding
inline citations. (December 2011) |
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Zeta ( UK: /ˈziːtə/, US: /ˈzeɪtə/; [1] uppercase Ζ, lowercase ζ; Ancient Greek: ζῆτα, Demotic Greek: ζήτα, classical [d͡zɛ̌ːta] or [zdɛ̌ːta] zē̂ta; Greek pronunciation: [ˈzita] zíta) is the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 7. It was derived from the Phoenician letter zayin . Letters that arose from zeta include the Roman Z and Cyrillic З.
Unlike the other Greek letters, this letter did not take its name from the Phoenician letter from which it was derived; it was given a new name on the pattern of beta, eta and theta.
The word zeta is the ancestor of zed, the name of the Latin letter Z in Commonwealth English. Swedish and many Romance languages (such as Italian and Spanish) do not distinguish between the Greek and Roman forms of the letter; "zeta" is used to refer to the Roman letter Z as well as the Greek letter.
The letter ζ represents the voiced alveolar fricative IPA: [z] in Modern Greek.
The sound represented by zeta in Greek before 400 BC is disputed. See Ancient Greek phonology and Pronunciation of Ancient Greek in teaching.
Most handbooks[ who?] agree on attributing to it the pronunciation /zd/ (like Mazda), but some scholars believe that it was an affricate / dz/ (like adze). The modern pronunciation was, in all likelihood, established in the Hellenistic age and may have already been a common practice in Classical Attic; for example, it could count as one or two consonants metrically in Attic drama.[ where?]
Zeta has the numerical value 7 rather than 6 because the letter digamma (ϝ, also called ' stigma' as a Greek numeral) was originally in the sixth position in the alphabet.
The uppercase zeta is not used, because it is normally identical to Latin Z. The lower case letter can be used to represent:
ZETA (fusion reactor) (all uppercase) was an early fusion experiment.
Preview | Ζ | ζ | Ⲍ | ⲍ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA | GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA | COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ZETA | COPTIC SMALL LETTER ZETA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 918 | U+0396 | 950 | U+03B6 | 11404 | U+2C8C | 11405 | U+2C8D |
UTF-8 | 206 150 | CE 96 | 206 182 | CE B6 | 226 178 140 | E2 B2 8C | 226 178 141 | E2 B2 8D |
Numeric character reference | Ζ |
Ζ |
ζ |
ζ |
Ⲍ |
Ⲍ |
ⲍ |
ⲍ |
Named character reference | Ζ | ζ | ||||||
DOS Greek | 133 | 85 | 157 | 9D | ||||
DOS Greek-2 | 169 | A9 | 223 | DF | ||||
Windows 1253 | 198 | C6 | 230 | E6 | ||||
TeX | \zeta |
The following characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.
Preview | 𝚭 | 𝛇 | 𝛧 | 𝜁 | 𝜡 | 𝜻 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL ZETA | ||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120493 | U+1D6AD | 120519 | U+1D6C7 | 120551 | U+1D6E7 | 120577 | U+1D701 | 120609 | U+1D721 | 120635 | U+1D73B |
UTF-8 | 240 157 154 173 | F0 9D 9A AD | 240 157 155 135 | F0 9D 9B 87 | 240 157 155 167 | F0 9D 9B A7 | 240 157 156 129 | F0 9D 9C 81 | 240 157 156 161 | F0 9D 9C A1 | 240 157 156 187 | F0 9D 9C BB |
UTF-16 | 55349 57005 | D835 DEAD | 55349 57031 | D835 DEC7 | 55349 57063 | D835 DEE7 | 55349 57089 | D835 DF01 | 55349 57121 | D835 DF21 | 55349 57147 | D835 DF3B |
Numeric character reference | 𝚭 |
𝚭 |
𝛇 |
𝛇 |
𝛧 |
𝛧 |
𝜁 |
𝜁 |
𝜡 |
𝜡 |
𝜻 |
𝜻 |
Preview | 𝝛 | 𝝵 | 𝞕 | 𝞯 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL ZETA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120667 | U+1D75B | 120693 | U+1D775 | 120725 | U+1D795 | 120751 | U+1D7AF |
UTF-8 | 240 157 157 155 | F0 9D 9D 9B | 240 157 157 181 | F0 9D 9D B5 | 240 157 158 149 | F0 9D 9E 95 | 240 157 158 175 | F0 9D 9E AF |
UTF-16 | 55349 57179 | D835 DF5B | 55349 57205 | D835 DF75 | 55349 57237 | D835 DF95 | 55349 57263 | D835 DFAF |
Numeric character reference | 𝝛 |
𝝛 |
𝝵 |
𝝵 |
𝞕 |
𝞕 |
𝞯 |
𝞯 |
.Ἔτι δὲ τῶν συμφώνων διπλᾶ μέν ἐστι τρία· ζ ξ ψ. διπλᾶ δὲ εἴρηται, ὅτι ἓν ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἐκ δύο συμφώνων σύγκειται, τὸ μὲν ζ ἐκ τοῦ σ καὶ δ, τὸ δὲ ξ ἐκ τοῦ κ καὶ σ, τὸ δὲ ψ ἐκ τοῦ π καὶ σ.
Of the consonants, three are double: ζ ξ ψ. They are called double because each one of them is composed of two consonants, ζ of σ and δ; ξ of κ and σ, ψ of π and σ.
— Dionysius Thrax, Περὶ στοιχείου, Τέχνη Γραμματική (~100 BCE).
This article includes a list of general
references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding
inline citations. (December 2011) |
Greek alphabet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Use in other languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Related topics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Zeta ( UK: /ˈziːtə/, US: /ˈzeɪtə/; [1] uppercase Ζ, lowercase ζ; Ancient Greek: ζῆτα, Demotic Greek: ζήτα, classical [d͡zɛ̌ːta] or [zdɛ̌ːta] zē̂ta; Greek pronunciation: [ˈzita] zíta) is the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 7. It was derived from the Phoenician letter zayin . Letters that arose from zeta include the Roman Z and Cyrillic З.
Unlike the other Greek letters, this letter did not take its name from the Phoenician letter from which it was derived; it was given a new name on the pattern of beta, eta and theta.
The word zeta is the ancestor of zed, the name of the Latin letter Z in Commonwealth English. Swedish and many Romance languages (such as Italian and Spanish) do not distinguish between the Greek and Roman forms of the letter; "zeta" is used to refer to the Roman letter Z as well as the Greek letter.
The letter ζ represents the voiced alveolar fricative IPA: [z] in Modern Greek.
The sound represented by zeta in Greek before 400 BC is disputed. See Ancient Greek phonology and Pronunciation of Ancient Greek in teaching.
Most handbooks[ who?] agree on attributing to it the pronunciation /zd/ (like Mazda), but some scholars believe that it was an affricate / dz/ (like adze). The modern pronunciation was, in all likelihood, established in the Hellenistic age and may have already been a common practice in Classical Attic; for example, it could count as one or two consonants metrically in Attic drama.[ where?]
Zeta has the numerical value 7 rather than 6 because the letter digamma (ϝ, also called ' stigma' as a Greek numeral) was originally in the sixth position in the alphabet.
The uppercase zeta is not used, because it is normally identical to Latin Z. The lower case letter can be used to represent:
ZETA (fusion reactor) (all uppercase) was an early fusion experiment.
Preview | Ζ | ζ | Ⲍ | ⲍ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA | GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA | COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ZETA | COPTIC SMALL LETTER ZETA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 918 | U+0396 | 950 | U+03B6 | 11404 | U+2C8C | 11405 | U+2C8D |
UTF-8 | 206 150 | CE 96 | 206 182 | CE B6 | 226 178 140 | E2 B2 8C | 226 178 141 | E2 B2 8D |
Numeric character reference | Ζ |
Ζ |
ζ |
ζ |
Ⲍ |
Ⲍ |
ⲍ |
ⲍ |
Named character reference | Ζ | ζ | ||||||
DOS Greek | 133 | 85 | 157 | 9D | ||||
DOS Greek-2 | 169 | A9 | 223 | DF | ||||
Windows 1253 | 198 | C6 | 230 | E6 | ||||
TeX | \zeta |
The following characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.
Preview | 𝚭 | 𝛇 | 𝛧 | 𝜁 | 𝜡 | 𝜻 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL ZETA | ||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120493 | U+1D6AD | 120519 | U+1D6C7 | 120551 | U+1D6E7 | 120577 | U+1D701 | 120609 | U+1D721 | 120635 | U+1D73B |
UTF-8 | 240 157 154 173 | F0 9D 9A AD | 240 157 155 135 | F0 9D 9B 87 | 240 157 155 167 | F0 9D 9B A7 | 240 157 156 129 | F0 9D 9C 81 | 240 157 156 161 | F0 9D 9C A1 | 240 157 156 187 | F0 9D 9C BB |
UTF-16 | 55349 57005 | D835 DEAD | 55349 57031 | D835 DEC7 | 55349 57063 | D835 DEE7 | 55349 57089 | D835 DF01 | 55349 57121 | D835 DF21 | 55349 57147 | D835 DF3B |
Numeric character reference | 𝚭 |
𝚭 |
𝛇 |
𝛇 |
𝛧 |
𝛧 |
𝜁 |
𝜁 |
𝜡 |
𝜡 |
𝜻 |
𝜻 |
Preview | 𝝛 | 𝝵 | 𝞕 | 𝞯 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ZETA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL ZETA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120667 | U+1D75B | 120693 | U+1D775 | 120725 | U+1D795 | 120751 | U+1D7AF |
UTF-8 | 240 157 157 155 | F0 9D 9D 9B | 240 157 157 181 | F0 9D 9D B5 | 240 157 158 149 | F0 9D 9E 95 | 240 157 158 175 | F0 9D 9E AF |
UTF-16 | 55349 57179 | D835 DF5B | 55349 57205 | D835 DF75 | 55349 57237 | D835 DF95 | 55349 57263 | D835 DFAF |
Numeric character reference | 𝝛 |
𝝛 |
𝝵 |
𝝵 |
𝞕 |
𝞕 |
𝞯 |
𝞯 |
.Ἔτι δὲ τῶν συμφώνων διπλᾶ μέν ἐστι τρία· ζ ξ ψ. διπλᾶ δὲ εἴρηται, ὅτι ἓν ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἐκ δύο συμφώνων σύγκειται, τὸ μὲν ζ ἐκ τοῦ σ καὶ δ, τὸ δὲ ξ ἐκ τοῦ κ καὶ σ, τὸ δὲ ψ ἐκ τοῦ π καὶ σ.
Of the consonants, three are double: ζ ξ ψ. They are called double because each one of them is composed of two consonants, ζ of σ and δ; ξ of κ and σ, ψ of π and σ.
— Dionysius Thrax, Περὶ στοιχείου, Τέχνη Γραμματική (~100 BCE).