Šime Budinić | |
---|---|
The bust of Šime Budinić in Zadar | |
Born | Petar Šimun Budinić
[1] 1530-1535 |
Died | 13 December 1600 (aged 64–65) Zara, Venetian Republic |
Nationality | Venetian |
Other names | Piersimeone Budineo, Ssimvn Bvdineo/Ssimun Budineo, Zadranin |
Occupation(s) | Catholic priest, writer |
Known for | being author of the version of Latin script based on comparison with Cyrillic and Glagolitic, using diacritics from Czech orthography of Jan Hus |
Petar Šimun "Šime" Budinić Zadranin ( Latin: Piersimeone Budineo) [2] (1535 – 13 December 1600) [3] was a 16th-century Venetian- Croatian Catholic priest and writer from Zadar, Venetian Dalmatia (today Croatia). He was a translator of psalms and catechetical texts, promoter of post- Tridentine Catholicism, and a poet. [4]
Budinić was born in Zadar [5] in the period between 1530 and 1535 in a family that originated from the Zadar hinterland. [6] His father was a goldsmith whose name was Mihovil and his mother Klara was from the De Sanctis family. [6] He was most likely educated by the Franciscans from Zadar, and knew both the Glagolitic and Cyrillic scripts well. [7] It is assumed that he completed elementary and humanist education in Zadar, and higher education in Padua. [6]
Budinić became a Catholic priest in Zadar and advanced to the position of canon in 1560. [8] Scholars disagree whether or not Budinić attended the Council of Trent. For many years Budinić was a notary in Zadar [9] and chancellor in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zadar. As chancellor he wrote official documents using the Glagolitic script. [10] While Budinić was a notary he had a lot of spare time which he used to read love songs. He is first mentioned in documents in 1556. [6] Between 1559 and 1561 he wrote verses of love songs in dodecasyllable, seven of them still preserved, some of them in honor of Pelegrinović's Jeđupka. [11] [6] At that time he also authored one short Latin satire on the subject of cheated husbands. [6]
Budinić was a light-headed young priest who was even temporary expelled from Catholicism because of his misconduct, after he was reported for beating one of his fellow priests who swore his parents. [11] Thanks to the influence of his family, this excommunication was abolished without endangering the advance in his career. [11] [12] In 1570 Budinić was appointed as chaplain of the Chapel of Saint Lucia on the island Pag and in 1577 he became a vicar general of the Archdiocese of Zadar. [6]
In June 1581, Budinić travelled to Rome at the invitation of the Holy See to promote counter-reformation policy. [13] [14] According to one 1626 letter, Pope Gregory XIII invited Budinić to Rome to translate the Catechesis of Peter Canisius into Illyrian using Illyrian characters. [15] Pope Gregory XIII ordered Budinić to prepare the Roman Catholic Catechism using Illyrian and its characters. [15] It is unclear if Pope ordered any particular script. [15] Although it is confirmed by many contemporary documents that the Pope indeed ordered Budinić to prepare the Roman Catholic Catechism using Illyrian and its characters it remain unclear if the Pope ordered any particular script. [15] When Budinić arrived to Rome he became a confessor in Pontifical Croatian College of St. Jerome where he worked on the improvement of the Glagolitic missals and breviaries. [5] [16]
During his stay in Rome Budinić wrote his first two books on Croatian with the Chakavian dialect. [17] According to one 1581 Vatican document, Budinić was preparing a translation into Serbian ( Latin: nella lingua serviana), which at that time in the Vatican and Dubrovnik was a term used for Cyrillic script, the preferred language for Vatican documents to be published regarding Slavic language. [8]
Budinić's intention was, from reasons of propaganda, [18] to employ language and orthography that could penetrate and be understood in all of what was then the southern reaches of the Slavic people. [19] [20] Budinić attempted a daring orthographic reform [21] and authored a version of the Latin script based on the Cyrillic and Glagolitic scripts, using diacritics (namely č and ž) from the Czech orthography of Jan Hus in his 1582 work. [22] [23] [24] [25] Some authors believed that Budinić, being promoter of Counter-Reformation, would never use orthography of Jan Hus who was a key predecessor to the Protestant Reformation. [26]
Under the influence of Jesuit priest Peter Canisius, Budinić abandoned the language he had been using in his 1582 work, and instead used a mixture of Shtokavian Serbo-Croatian, Church Slavonic, Czech, and Polish. [27] [28] Budinić referred to the language of his work as Slavonic. [29] Budinić then published translations of Canisius' work in 1583 (Summa nauk Kristjanski) in two versions, Cyrillic and Latin, and created a complex script based on Ijekavian Shtokavian pronunciation. [30] The Latin script edition was published for clergy while Cyrillic script edition was published for population. [31] Budinić published Cyrillic script edition with intention to spread this kind of book among South Slavs who were adherents of the Eastern Orthodox Church. [32]
Budinić died in Zadar on 13 December 1600, around the age of 65. [1] The elementary school in Zadar bears Budinić's name. A square in Zadar was named Šime Budinić´s Square ( Croatian: Poljana Šime Budinića).
Bibliography of Budinić's works include:
Budinić Petar Šimun
Tu Crnčić donosi da je u tom zapisniku Budinićevo ime doneseno u obliku »Piersimeone« i da je Budinić imao dva imena, naime Petar — Sime. [Here Crncic states that this record gives Budinic's name as "Piersimeone", and that Budinic had two given names, that is Petar — Sime.]
...Шиме Будинић, Задранин, (1535 — 1600).. [Šime Budinić, a native of Zadar, (1535 — 1600)..]
No Budinić nije bio samo prevodilac psalama i katekizama, propagator posttridentskog katolicizma. Već prepjevi psalama otkrivaju njegov pjesnički talent. [Budinic was not only a translator of psalms and catechesis, and a promoter of post-Tridentine Catholicism. Already his versions of psalms reveal his talent in poetry.]
Šime Budinić (rođen u Zadru- oko 1530. — umro u Zadru 1600. [Sime Budinic, born in Zadar around 1530 - died in Zadar in 1600).])
In 1581 a Vatican document speaks about the "Zadar canon" (i.e., Budinić) preparing a translation into Serbian (nella lingua serviana).
U lipnju 1581. u Rim je, na poziv Sv. Stolice, stigao zadarski kanonik Šime Budinić i uredio je za tisak Kanizijevu... [In June 1581 Budinic, a canon from Zadar, travelled to Rome at the invitation of the Holy See, and prepared for printing Canisius'...]
Zadranin čakavac Sime Budinić bio je 1581. pozvan u Rim, gdje u svojoj muževnoj dobi djeluje na liniji "katoličke obnove"... [Chakavian Sime Budinic from Zadar was invited to travel to Rome where he became active in supporting "Catholic counter-reformation".]
Šimun Budinić želi pisati jezikom i pravopisom koji će se moći upotrebljavati na čitavom slavenskom jugu [The intention of Budinic was to use language and orthography which could be used on the whole Slavic South.]
U takvo doba, kad se traži književni jezik što šire penetracije, [At that time it was necessary to find a standard language of the widest possible penetration,]
Zadranin Sime Budinic prvi je teoretik našeg knjizevnog jezika i prvi pokretač pravopisne reforme. [Sime Budinic from Zadar was the first theoretician of our standard language and the first initiator of orthographic reforms.]
U latiničkom izdanju, da bi usavršio latinicu prema glagoljici i ćirilici, uveo je prema češkom husitskom pravopisu ...[In Latin script version of his publication he wanted to improve the Latin script, on the basis of Cyrillic and Glagolitic, and added diacritics from the Czech orthography of Jan Hus...]
Pop Šime Budinić pokušao je u izdanju „Sume nauka hristjanskoga" veoma smjelu pravopisnu reformu. On je htio, da prema glagoljici i ćirilici usavrši latinicu te je priljubi potrebama hrvatskog jezika. Zato je iz češkoga husitskog pravopisa ...[Priest Sime Budinic attempted a daring orthographic reform in one edition of Svmma nauk hristjanski. He wanted, based on Glagolitic and Cyrillic, to improve Latin script and align it with the needs of Croatian.]
Zacijelo se ovdje misli na S. Budinića, Suma nauka krstjanskoga od g. 1582, jer upravo su već u njoj bili upotrebljeni češki dijakritički znakovi. [The work in question is 1582 Suma nauka krstjanskoga because Czech diacritics were used in it.]
Pop Šime Budinić pokušao je u izdanju „Sume nauka hristjanskoga" veoma smjelu pravopisnu reformu. On je htio, da prema glagoljici i ćirilici usavrši latinicu te je priljubi potrebama hrvatskog jezika. Zato je iz češkoga husitskog pravopisa ... [Priest Sime Budinic attempted a daring orthographic reform in one edition of Svmma nauk hristjanski. He wanted, based on Glagolitic and Cyrillic, to improve Latin script and align it with the needs of Croatian. That is why he took from Czech orthography....]
... i zadarski kanonik Šimun Budinić, očito pod utjecajem protureformatorskih nastojanja i nagovora isusovca Petra Kanizija, napušta književni jezik kakvim je dotada pisao i u spomenutoj "Summi" piše mješavinom hrvatskosrpskog, crkvenoslavenskog, češkog i poljskog jezika.[... and Simun Budinic, a canon from Zadar, was also influenced by counter-reformist aspirations and persuasions of Jesuit Peter Canisius, and introduced a mixture of Serbo-Croatian, Church Slavonic, Czech and Polish in the aforementioned "Summa", abandoning the language he had been using before.]
Tako je na pr. u prijevodu Kanisijeve »Sume nauka kristjanskoga« koji je učinio čakavac Zadranin šimun Budinić i g. 1583 bio izdan u Rimu (»pri Dominiku Bazi«) latinskim i ćirilskim slovima, stvoren složeni književni jezik štokavsko-ijekavskog izgovora [That was an example how Chakavian Simun Budinic from Zadar translated Canisius' "Suma nauka kristjanskoga" and published it in Rome in 1583 (with Dominik Baza) on Latin and Cyrillic scripts, created complex standard language based on the Ijekavian Shtokavian pronunciation]
Šime Budinić | |
---|---|
The bust of Šime Budinić in Zadar | |
Born | Petar Šimun Budinić
[1] 1530-1535 |
Died | 13 December 1600 (aged 64–65) Zara, Venetian Republic |
Nationality | Venetian |
Other names | Piersimeone Budineo, Ssimvn Bvdineo/Ssimun Budineo, Zadranin |
Occupation(s) | Catholic priest, writer |
Known for | being author of the version of Latin script based on comparison with Cyrillic and Glagolitic, using diacritics from Czech orthography of Jan Hus |
Petar Šimun "Šime" Budinić Zadranin ( Latin: Piersimeone Budineo) [2] (1535 – 13 December 1600) [3] was a 16th-century Venetian- Croatian Catholic priest and writer from Zadar, Venetian Dalmatia (today Croatia). He was a translator of psalms and catechetical texts, promoter of post- Tridentine Catholicism, and a poet. [4]
Budinić was born in Zadar [5] in the period between 1530 and 1535 in a family that originated from the Zadar hinterland. [6] His father was a goldsmith whose name was Mihovil and his mother Klara was from the De Sanctis family. [6] He was most likely educated by the Franciscans from Zadar, and knew both the Glagolitic and Cyrillic scripts well. [7] It is assumed that he completed elementary and humanist education in Zadar, and higher education in Padua. [6]
Budinić became a Catholic priest in Zadar and advanced to the position of canon in 1560. [8] Scholars disagree whether or not Budinić attended the Council of Trent. For many years Budinić was a notary in Zadar [9] and chancellor in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zadar. As chancellor he wrote official documents using the Glagolitic script. [10] While Budinić was a notary he had a lot of spare time which he used to read love songs. He is first mentioned in documents in 1556. [6] Between 1559 and 1561 he wrote verses of love songs in dodecasyllable, seven of them still preserved, some of them in honor of Pelegrinović's Jeđupka. [11] [6] At that time he also authored one short Latin satire on the subject of cheated husbands. [6]
Budinić was a light-headed young priest who was even temporary expelled from Catholicism because of his misconduct, after he was reported for beating one of his fellow priests who swore his parents. [11] Thanks to the influence of his family, this excommunication was abolished without endangering the advance in his career. [11] [12] In 1570 Budinić was appointed as chaplain of the Chapel of Saint Lucia on the island Pag and in 1577 he became a vicar general of the Archdiocese of Zadar. [6]
In June 1581, Budinić travelled to Rome at the invitation of the Holy See to promote counter-reformation policy. [13] [14] According to one 1626 letter, Pope Gregory XIII invited Budinić to Rome to translate the Catechesis of Peter Canisius into Illyrian using Illyrian characters. [15] Pope Gregory XIII ordered Budinić to prepare the Roman Catholic Catechism using Illyrian and its characters. [15] It is unclear if Pope ordered any particular script. [15] Although it is confirmed by many contemporary documents that the Pope indeed ordered Budinić to prepare the Roman Catholic Catechism using Illyrian and its characters it remain unclear if the Pope ordered any particular script. [15] When Budinić arrived to Rome he became a confessor in Pontifical Croatian College of St. Jerome where he worked on the improvement of the Glagolitic missals and breviaries. [5] [16]
During his stay in Rome Budinić wrote his first two books on Croatian with the Chakavian dialect. [17] According to one 1581 Vatican document, Budinić was preparing a translation into Serbian ( Latin: nella lingua serviana), which at that time in the Vatican and Dubrovnik was a term used for Cyrillic script, the preferred language for Vatican documents to be published regarding Slavic language. [8]
Budinić's intention was, from reasons of propaganda, [18] to employ language and orthography that could penetrate and be understood in all of what was then the southern reaches of the Slavic people. [19] [20] Budinić attempted a daring orthographic reform [21] and authored a version of the Latin script based on the Cyrillic and Glagolitic scripts, using diacritics (namely č and ž) from the Czech orthography of Jan Hus in his 1582 work. [22] [23] [24] [25] Some authors believed that Budinić, being promoter of Counter-Reformation, would never use orthography of Jan Hus who was a key predecessor to the Protestant Reformation. [26]
Under the influence of Jesuit priest Peter Canisius, Budinić abandoned the language he had been using in his 1582 work, and instead used a mixture of Shtokavian Serbo-Croatian, Church Slavonic, Czech, and Polish. [27] [28] Budinić referred to the language of his work as Slavonic. [29] Budinić then published translations of Canisius' work in 1583 (Summa nauk Kristjanski) in two versions, Cyrillic and Latin, and created a complex script based on Ijekavian Shtokavian pronunciation. [30] The Latin script edition was published for clergy while Cyrillic script edition was published for population. [31] Budinić published Cyrillic script edition with intention to spread this kind of book among South Slavs who were adherents of the Eastern Orthodox Church. [32]
Budinić died in Zadar on 13 December 1600, around the age of 65. [1] The elementary school in Zadar bears Budinić's name. A square in Zadar was named Šime Budinić´s Square ( Croatian: Poljana Šime Budinića).
Bibliography of Budinić's works include:
Budinić Petar Šimun
Tu Crnčić donosi da je u tom zapisniku Budinićevo ime doneseno u obliku »Piersimeone« i da je Budinić imao dva imena, naime Petar — Sime. [Here Crncic states that this record gives Budinic's name as "Piersimeone", and that Budinic had two given names, that is Petar — Sime.]
...Шиме Будинић, Задранин, (1535 — 1600).. [Šime Budinić, a native of Zadar, (1535 — 1600)..]
No Budinić nije bio samo prevodilac psalama i katekizama, propagator posttridentskog katolicizma. Već prepjevi psalama otkrivaju njegov pjesnički talent. [Budinic was not only a translator of psalms and catechesis, and a promoter of post-Tridentine Catholicism. Already his versions of psalms reveal his talent in poetry.]
Šime Budinić (rođen u Zadru- oko 1530. — umro u Zadru 1600. [Sime Budinic, born in Zadar around 1530 - died in Zadar in 1600).])
In 1581 a Vatican document speaks about the "Zadar canon" (i.e., Budinić) preparing a translation into Serbian (nella lingua serviana).
U lipnju 1581. u Rim je, na poziv Sv. Stolice, stigao zadarski kanonik Šime Budinić i uredio je za tisak Kanizijevu... [In June 1581 Budinic, a canon from Zadar, travelled to Rome at the invitation of the Holy See, and prepared for printing Canisius'...]
Zadranin čakavac Sime Budinić bio je 1581. pozvan u Rim, gdje u svojoj muževnoj dobi djeluje na liniji "katoličke obnove"... [Chakavian Sime Budinic from Zadar was invited to travel to Rome where he became active in supporting "Catholic counter-reformation".]
Šimun Budinić želi pisati jezikom i pravopisom koji će se moći upotrebljavati na čitavom slavenskom jugu [The intention of Budinic was to use language and orthography which could be used on the whole Slavic South.]
U takvo doba, kad se traži književni jezik što šire penetracije, [At that time it was necessary to find a standard language of the widest possible penetration,]
Zadranin Sime Budinic prvi je teoretik našeg knjizevnog jezika i prvi pokretač pravopisne reforme. [Sime Budinic from Zadar was the first theoretician of our standard language and the first initiator of orthographic reforms.]
U latiničkom izdanju, da bi usavršio latinicu prema glagoljici i ćirilici, uveo je prema češkom husitskom pravopisu ...[In Latin script version of his publication he wanted to improve the Latin script, on the basis of Cyrillic and Glagolitic, and added diacritics from the Czech orthography of Jan Hus...]
Pop Šime Budinić pokušao je u izdanju „Sume nauka hristjanskoga" veoma smjelu pravopisnu reformu. On je htio, da prema glagoljici i ćirilici usavrši latinicu te je priljubi potrebama hrvatskog jezika. Zato je iz češkoga husitskog pravopisa ...[Priest Sime Budinic attempted a daring orthographic reform in one edition of Svmma nauk hristjanski. He wanted, based on Glagolitic and Cyrillic, to improve Latin script and align it with the needs of Croatian.]
Zacijelo se ovdje misli na S. Budinića, Suma nauka krstjanskoga od g. 1582, jer upravo su već u njoj bili upotrebljeni češki dijakritički znakovi. [The work in question is 1582 Suma nauka krstjanskoga because Czech diacritics were used in it.]
Pop Šime Budinić pokušao je u izdanju „Sume nauka hristjanskoga" veoma smjelu pravopisnu reformu. On je htio, da prema glagoljici i ćirilici usavrši latinicu te je priljubi potrebama hrvatskog jezika. Zato je iz češkoga husitskog pravopisa ... [Priest Sime Budinic attempted a daring orthographic reform in one edition of Svmma nauk hristjanski. He wanted, based on Glagolitic and Cyrillic, to improve Latin script and align it with the needs of Croatian. That is why he took from Czech orthography....]
... i zadarski kanonik Šimun Budinić, očito pod utjecajem protureformatorskih nastojanja i nagovora isusovca Petra Kanizija, napušta književni jezik kakvim je dotada pisao i u spomenutoj "Summi" piše mješavinom hrvatskosrpskog, crkvenoslavenskog, češkog i poljskog jezika.[... and Simun Budinic, a canon from Zadar, was also influenced by counter-reformist aspirations and persuasions of Jesuit Peter Canisius, and introduced a mixture of Serbo-Croatian, Church Slavonic, Czech and Polish in the aforementioned "Summa", abandoning the language he had been using before.]
Tako je na pr. u prijevodu Kanisijeve »Sume nauka kristjanskoga« koji je učinio čakavac Zadranin šimun Budinić i g. 1583 bio izdan u Rimu (»pri Dominiku Bazi«) latinskim i ćirilskim slovima, stvoren složeni književni jezik štokavsko-ijekavskog izgovora [That was an example how Chakavian Simun Budinic from Zadar translated Canisius' "Suma nauka kristjanskoga" and published it in Rome in 1583 (with Dominik Baza) on Latin and Cyrillic scripts, created complex standard language based on the Ijekavian Shtokavian pronunciation]