8500 BC – first domestication of the cow (
taurine line from the
aurochs near
Çayönü Tepesi in southeastern Anatolia and Dja'de el-Mughara in northern
Iraq).[2]
8400 to 8100 BC – first settlements at
Nevali Cori in Anatolia
1800 to 1200 BC – the emergence of the city of
Ugarit when it ruled a coastal kingdom, trading with Egypt, Cyprus, the Aegean, Syria, the Hittites, and others
1792 to 1750 BC – the reign of
Hammurabi of the First Babylonian Dynasty, extended control throughout Mesopotamia, known for the
Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest codes of law
884 to 858 BC –
Ashurnasirpal II, king of Assyria, embarked on a vast program of expansion, known for his harshness, moved his capital to the city of
Kalhu (
Nimrod)
458 to 538 AD –
Damascius, the last of Neoplatonist philosophers
490 to 560 AD –
Simplicius of Cilicia, Neoplatonist philosopher and commentator on Aristotle's de Caelo, Physica Auscultatio, and Categories, as well as a commentary upon the Enchiridion of Epictetus.
800 to 870 –
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani, One of the prominent scientists involved in the calculation of the diameter of the Earth by the measurement of the meridian arc length along others
801 to 873 –
Al-Kindi, promoter of Greek and Hellenistic philosophy, introduced Indian numerals
850 to 934 –
Abu Zayd al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health, medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine
858 to 929 –
Al-Battani,
Syrian Arab mathematician and astronomer who introduced a number of
trigonometric relations such as tan θ
965 to 1040 –
Ibn al-Haytham, Founded experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception as well as optics and experimental physics.
1275 –
Hasan al-Rammah, Arab chemist and engineer who studied
gunpowders and
explosives, and sketched prototype instruments of warfare, including the first
torpedo. He also invented new types of
gunpowder, and he invented a new type of fuse and two types of lighters
1332 to 1406 –
Ibn Khaldun, set the basis of social sciences such as demography, cultural history, historiography, philosophy of history, sociology and economics
1347 – a fleet of Genoese trading ships fleeing Caffa (
Theodosia) reached the port of
Messina and spreads the
Black Death
1917 –
Arthur Balfour, Foreign Minister of Great Britain, in a
letter to Lord Rothschild, gives British government approval to Zionist's goal of building a "national home" in Palestine
1919 to 1923 –
Asia Minor Catastrophe reshapes Anatolia, as continuous fighting incorporates the newly founded Republic of Turkey, Armenia, France, Greece
1981 to 1989 –
Iran–Iraq War results in 1–1.25 million casualties, Iraq uses chemical weapons against Iran and rebel Kurds; large scale economic devastation and surge in oil prices affect the global world economy
2010 –
Arab Spring, which culminates in the
Syrian Civil War with involvement of many regional powers to either support the Syrian opposition or the ruling Ba'ath party
^King, Leonid W. (2015) "A History of Sumer and Akkad" (
ISBN1522847308)
^Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. (1981). The Camel (Camelus Dromedarius): A Bibliographical Review. International Livestock Centre for Africa Monograph. Vol. 5. Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre for Africa. pp. 1, 3, 20–21, 65, 67–68.
^Scarre, Chris (15 September 1993). Smithsonian Timelines of the Ancient World. London: D. Kindersley. p. 176.
ISBN978-1-56458-305-5. Both the dromedary (the seven-humped camel of Arabia) and the Bactrian camel (the two-humped camel of Central Asia) had been domesticated since before 2000 BC.
^Bulliet, Richard (20 May 1990) [1975]. The Camel and the Wheel. Morningside Book Series. Columbia University Press. p. 183.
ISBN978-0-231-07235-9. As has already been mentioned, this type of utilization [camels pulling wagons] goes back to the earliest known period of two-humped camel domestication in the third millennium B.C.—Note that Bulliet has many more references to early use of camels
^near the modern village of
Al-Houz in Syria's
Al-Qusayr District. see Kitchen, K. A., "Ramesside Inscriptions", volume 2, Blackwell Publishing Limited, 1996, pp. 16–17.
8500 BC – first domestication of the cow (
taurine line from the
aurochs near
Çayönü Tepesi in southeastern Anatolia and Dja'de el-Mughara in northern
Iraq).[2]
8400 to 8100 BC – first settlements at
Nevali Cori in Anatolia
1800 to 1200 BC – the emergence of the city of
Ugarit when it ruled a coastal kingdom, trading with Egypt, Cyprus, the Aegean, Syria, the Hittites, and others
1792 to 1750 BC – the reign of
Hammurabi of the First Babylonian Dynasty, extended control throughout Mesopotamia, known for the
Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest codes of law
884 to 858 BC –
Ashurnasirpal II, king of Assyria, embarked on a vast program of expansion, known for his harshness, moved his capital to the city of
Kalhu (
Nimrod)
458 to 538 AD –
Damascius, the last of Neoplatonist philosophers
490 to 560 AD –
Simplicius of Cilicia, Neoplatonist philosopher and commentator on Aristotle's de Caelo, Physica Auscultatio, and Categories, as well as a commentary upon the Enchiridion of Epictetus.
800 to 870 –
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani, One of the prominent scientists involved in the calculation of the diameter of the Earth by the measurement of the meridian arc length along others
801 to 873 –
Al-Kindi, promoter of Greek and Hellenistic philosophy, introduced Indian numerals
850 to 934 –
Abu Zayd al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health, medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine
858 to 929 –
Al-Battani,
Syrian Arab mathematician and astronomer who introduced a number of
trigonometric relations such as tan θ
965 to 1040 –
Ibn al-Haytham, Founded experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception as well as optics and experimental physics.
1275 –
Hasan al-Rammah, Arab chemist and engineer who studied
gunpowders and
explosives, and sketched prototype instruments of warfare, including the first
torpedo. He also invented new types of
gunpowder, and he invented a new type of fuse and two types of lighters
1332 to 1406 –
Ibn Khaldun, set the basis of social sciences such as demography, cultural history, historiography, philosophy of history, sociology and economics
1347 – a fleet of Genoese trading ships fleeing Caffa (
Theodosia) reached the port of
Messina and spreads the
Black Death
1917 –
Arthur Balfour, Foreign Minister of Great Britain, in a
letter to Lord Rothschild, gives British government approval to Zionist's goal of building a "national home" in Palestine
1919 to 1923 –
Asia Minor Catastrophe reshapes Anatolia, as continuous fighting incorporates the newly founded Republic of Turkey, Armenia, France, Greece
1981 to 1989 –
Iran–Iraq War results in 1–1.25 million casualties, Iraq uses chemical weapons against Iran and rebel Kurds; large scale economic devastation and surge in oil prices affect the global world economy
2010 –
Arab Spring, which culminates in the
Syrian Civil War with involvement of many regional powers to either support the Syrian opposition or the ruling Ba'ath party
^King, Leonid W. (2015) "A History of Sumer and Akkad" (
ISBN1522847308)
^Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. (1981). The Camel (Camelus Dromedarius): A Bibliographical Review. International Livestock Centre for Africa Monograph. Vol. 5. Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre for Africa. pp. 1, 3, 20–21, 65, 67–68.
^Scarre, Chris (15 September 1993). Smithsonian Timelines of the Ancient World. London: D. Kindersley. p. 176.
ISBN978-1-56458-305-5. Both the dromedary (the seven-humped camel of Arabia) and the Bactrian camel (the two-humped camel of Central Asia) had been domesticated since before 2000 BC.
^Bulliet, Richard (20 May 1990) [1975]. The Camel and the Wheel. Morningside Book Series. Columbia University Press. p. 183.
ISBN978-0-231-07235-9. As has already been mentioned, this type of utilization [camels pulling wagons] goes back to the earliest known period of two-humped camel domestication in the third millennium B.C.—Note that Bulliet has many more references to early use of camels
^near the modern village of
Al-Houz in Syria's
Al-Qusayr District. see Kitchen, K. A., "Ramesside Inscriptions", volume 2, Blackwell Publishing Limited, 1996, pp. 16–17.