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The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) [1] was a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum. Between 2004 and 2020, [2] the Global Competitiveness Report ranked countries based on the Global Competitiveness Index, [1] developed by Xavier Sala-i-Martin and Elsa V. Artadi. [3] Before that, the macroeconomic ranks were based on Jeffrey Sachs's Growth Development Index and the microeconomic ranks were based on Michael Porter's Business Competitiveness Index. The Global Competitiveness Index integrates the macroeconomic and the micro/business aspects of competitiveness into a single index.

The report "assesses the ability of countries to provide high levels of prosperity to their citizens". This in turn depends on how productively a country uses available resources. Therefore, the Global Competitiveness Index measures the set of institutions, policies, and factors that set the sustainable current and medium-term levels of economic prosperity." [4] [5]

Description

Since 2004, the report ranks the world's nations according to the Global Competitiveness Index, [3] based on the latest theoretical and empirical research. [6] It is made up of over 110 variables, of which two thirds come from the Executive Opinion Survey, and one third comes from publicly available sources such as the United Nations. The variables are organized into twelve pillars, [7] with each pillar representing an area considered as an important determinant of competitiveness.

One part of the report is the Executive Opinion Survey, which is a survey of a representative sample of business leaders in their respective countries. Respondent numbers have increased every year and is currently just over 13,500 in 142 countries (2010). [8]

The report notes that as a nation develops, wages tend to increase, and that in order to sustain this higher income, labor productivity must improve for the nation to be competitive. In addition, what creates productivity in Sweden is necessarily different from what drives it in Ghana. Thus, the GCI separates countries into three specific stages: factor-driven, efficiency-driven, and innovation-driven, each implying a growing degree of complexity in the operation of the economy.

The report has twelve pillars of competitiveness. These are:

  1. Institutions
  2. Appropriate infrastructure
  3. Stable macroeconomic framework
  4. Good health and primary education
  5. Higher education and training
  6. Efficient goods markets
  7. Efficient labor markets
  8. Developed financial markets
  9. Ability to harness existing technology
  10. Market sizeboth domestic and international
  11. Production of new and different goods using the most sophisticated production processes
  12. Innovation

In the factor-driven stage countries compete based on their factor endowments, primarily unskilled labor and natural resources. Companies compete on the basis of prices and sell basic products or commodities, with their low productivity reflected in low wages. To maintain competitiveness at this stage of development, competitiveness hinges mainly on well-functioning public and private institutions (pillar 1), appropriate infrastructure (pillar 2), a stable macroeconomic framework (pillar 3), and good health and primary education (pillar 4).

As wages rise with advancing development, countries move into the efficiency-driven stage of development, when they must begin to develop more efficient production processes and increase product quality. At this point, competitiveness becomes increasingly driven by higher education and training (pillar 5), efficient goods markets (pillar 6), efficient labor markets (pillar 7), developed financial markets (pillar 8), the ability to harness the benefits of existing technologies (pillar 9), and its market size, both domestic and international (pillar 10).

Finally, as countries move into the innovation-driven stage, they are only able to sustain higher wages and a higher standard of living if their businesses are able to compete by providing new or unique products. At this stage, companies must compete by producing new and different goods using the most sophisticated production processes (pillar 11) and through innovation (pillar 12).

Thus, the impact of each pillar on competitiveness varies across countries, in function of their stages of economic development. Therefore, in the calculation of the GCI, pillars are given different weights depending on the per capita income of the nation. [9] The weights used are the values that best explain growth in recent years [10] For example, the sophistication and innovation factors contribute 10% to the final score in factor and efficiency-driven economies, but 30% in innovation-driven economies. Intermediate values are used for economies in transition between stages.

The Global Competitiveness Index's annual reports are somewhat similar to the Ease of Doing Business Index and the Indices of Economic Freedom, which also look at factors affecting economic growth (but not as many as the Global Competitiveness Report). Data from the Global Competitiveness Index relating to the strength of auditing and reporting standards, institutions and judicial independence is used in the Basel AML Index, a money laundering risk assessment tool developed by the Basel Institute on Governance.

Limitations

In spite of the World Economic Forum's Global Risks Report which is increasingly identifying environmental pressures as the dominant risks to humanity, none of the indicators used to determine this report's competitiveness ranking reflect any of the countries' environmental dimensions such as energy, water, climate risks, resource or food security, etc. The Global Competitiveness Report 2018 [11] and 2019 [12] used the ecological footprint as a context indicator, but the footprint was not included in the scoring algorithm that determines the ranking.

2019 rankings

This is the full ranking of the 2019 report: [12]

Rank Country Score
Increase 1   Singapore 84.8
Decrease 2   United States 83.7
Increase 3   Hong Kong 83.1
Increase 4   Netherlands 82.4
Decrease 5   Switzerland 82.3
Decrease 6   Japan 82.3
Decrease 7   Germany 81.8
Increase 8   Sweden 81.2
Decrease 9   United Kingdom 81.2
Steady 10   Denmark 81.2
Steady 11   Finland 80.2
Increase 12   Taiwan 80.2
Increase 13   South Korea 79.6
Decrease 14   Canada 79.6
Increase 15   France 78.8
Decrease 16   Australia 78.7
Decrease 17   Norway 78.1
Increase 18   Luxembourg 77.0
Decrease 19   New Zealand 76.7
Steady 20   Israel 76.7
Increase 21   Austria 76.6
Decrease 22   Belgium 76.4
Increase 23   Spain 75.3
Decrease 24   Ireland 75.1
Increase 25   United Arab Emirates 75.0
Decrease 26   Iceland 74.7
Decrease 27   Malaysia 74.6
Steady 28   China 73.9
Increase 29   Qatar 72.9
Increase 30   Italy 71.5
Increase 31   Estonia 70.9
Decrease 32   Czech Republic 70.9
Steady 33   Chile 70.5
Steady 34   Portugal 70.4
Steady 35   Slovenia 70.2
Increase 36   Saudi Arabia 70.0
Steady 37   Poland 68.9
Decrease 38   Malta 68.5
Increase 39   Lithuania 68.4
Decrease 40   Thailand 68.1
Increase 41   Latvia 67.0
Decrease 42   Slovakia 66.8
Steady 43   Russia 66.7
Steady 44   Cyprus 66.4
Increase 45   Bahrain 65.4
Increase 46   Kuwait 65.1
Increase 47   Hungary 65.1
Decrease 48   Mexico 64.9
Increase 49   Bulgaria 64.9
Decrease 50   Indonesia 64.6
Increase 51   Romania 64.4
Decrease 52   Mauritius 64.3
Decrease 53   Oman 63.6
Decrease 54   Uruguay 63.5
Increase 55   Kazakhstan 62.9
Increase 56   Brunei 62.8
Increase 57   Colombia 62.7
Increase 58   Azerbaijan 62.7
Decrease 59   Greece 62.6
Decrease 60   South Africa 62.4
Steady 61   Turkey 62.1
Steady 62   Costa Rica 62.0
Increase 63   Croatia 61.9
Decrease 64   Philippines 61.9
Decrease 65   Peru 61.7
Decrease 66   Panama 61.6
Increase 67   Vietnam 61.5
Decrease 68   India 61.4
Increase 69   Armenia 61.3
Increase 70   Jordan 60.9
Increase 71   Brazil 60.9
Decrease 72   Serbia 60.9
Decrease 73   Montenegro 60.9
Decrease 74   Georgia 60.9
Steady 75   Morocco 60.0
Decrease 76   Seychelles 59.6
NEW 77   Barbados 58.9
Decrease 78   Dominican Republic 58.3
Decrease 79   Trinidad and Tobago 58.3
Decrease 80   Jamaica 58.3
Decrease 81   Albania 57.6
Increase 82   North Macedonia 57.3
Decrease 83   Argentina 57.2
Increase 84   Sri Lanka 57.1
Decrease 85   Ukraine 57.0
Increase 86   Moldova 56.7
Steady 87   Tunisia 56.4
Decrease 88   Lebanon 56.3
Increase 89   Algeria 56.3
Decrease 90   Ecuador 55.7
Decrease 91   Botswana 55.5
Decrease 92   Bosnia and Herzegovina 54.7
Increase 93   Egypt 54.5
Increase 94   Namibia 54.5
Decrease 95   Kenya 54.1
Increase 96   Kyrgyzstan 54.0
Decrease 97   Paraguay 53.6
Decrease 98   Guatemala 53.5
Decrease 99   Iran 53.0
Increase 100   Rwanda 52.8
Steady 101   Honduras 52.7
Decrease 102   Mongolia 52.6
Decrease 103   El Salvador 52.6
Decrease 104   Tajikistan 52.4
Decrease 105   Bangladesh 52.1
Increase 106   Cambodia 52.1
Decrease 107   Bolivia 51.8
Increase 108   Nepal 51.6
Decrease 109   Nicaragua 51.5
Decrease 110   Pakistan 51.4
Decrease 111   Ghana 51.2
Decrease 112   Cape Verde 50.8
Decrease 113   Laos 50.1
Decrease 114   Senegal 49.7
Increase 115   Uganda 48.9
Decrease 116   Nigeria 48.3
Decrease 117   Tanzania 48.2
Decrease 118   Ivory Coast 48.1
NEW 119   Gabon 47.5
Decrease 120   Zambia 46.5
Decrease 121   Eswatini 46.4
Increase 122   Guinea 46.1
Decrease 123   Cameroon 46.0
Decrease 124   Gambia 45.9
Decrease 125   Benin 45.8
Decrease 126   Ethiopia 44.4
Increase 127   Zimbabwe 44.2
Increase 128   Malawi 43.7
Decrease 129   Mali 43.6
Decrease 130   Burkina Faso 43.4
Decrease 131   Lesotho 42.9
NEW 132   Madagascar 42.9
Decrease 133   Venezuela 41.8
Decrease 134   Mauritania 40.9
Increase 135   Burundi 40.3
Increase 136   Angola 38.1
Decrease 137   Mozambique 38.1
Steady 138   Haiti 36.3
Decrease 139   Democratic Republic of the Congo 36.1
Decrease 140   Yemen 35.5
Decrease 141   Chad 35.1


2018 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2018 report: [11]

  1.   United States 85.6 (+1)
  2.   Singapore 83.5 (+1)
  3.   Germany 82.8 (+2)
  4.    Switzerland 82.6 (−3)
  5.   Japan 82.5 (+4)
  6.   Netherlands 82.4 (−2)
  7.   Hong Kong 82.3 (−1)
  8.   United Kingdom 82 (—)
  9.   Sweden 81.7 (−2)
  10.   Denmark 80.6 (+2)
  11.   Finland 80.3 (−1)
  12.   Canada 79.9 (+2)
  13.   Taiwan 79.3 (+2)
  14.   Australia 78.9 (+7)
  15.   South Korea 78.8 (+11)
  16.   Norway 78.2 (−5)
  17.   France 78 (+5)
  18.   New Zealand 77.5 (−5)
  19.   Luxembourg 76.6 (—)
  20.   Israel 76.6 (−4)
  21.   Belgium 76.6 (−1)
  22.   Austria 76.3 (−4)
  23.   Ireland 75.7 (+1)
  24.   Iceland 74.5 (—)
  25.   Malaysia 74.4 (−2)
  26.   Spain 74.2 (+8)
  27.   United Arab Emirates 73.4 (−10)
  28.   China 72.6(−1)
  29.   Czech Republic 71.2 (+2)
  30.   Qatar 71 (−5)

2017–2018 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2017–2018 report: [13]

  1.    Switzerland 5.86 (—)
  2.   United States 5.85 (+1)
  3.   Singapore 5.71 (−1)
  4.   Netherlands 5.66 (—)
  5.   Germany 5.65 (—)
  6.   Hong Kong 5.53 (+3)
  7.   Sweden 5.52 (−1)
  8.   United Kingdom 5.51 (−1)
  9.   Japan 5.49 (−1)
  10.   Finland 5.49 (—)
  11.   Norway 5.40 (—)
  12.   Denmark 5.39 (—)
  13.   New Zealand 5.37 (—)
  14.   Canada 5.35 (+1)
  15.   Taiwan 5.33 (−1)
  16.   Israel 5.31 (+8)
  17.   United Arab Emirates 5.30 (−1)
  18.   Austria 5.25 (+1)
  19.   Luxembourg 5.23 (+1)
  20.   Belgium 5.23 (−3)
  21.   Australia 5.19 (+1)
  22.   France 5.18 (−1)
  23.   Malaysia 5.17 (+2)
  24.   Ireland 5.16 (−1)
  25.   Qatar 5.11 (−7)
  26.   South Korea 5.07 (—)
  27.   China 5.00 (+1)
  28.   Iceland 4.99 (−1)
  29.   Estonia 4.85 (+1)
  30.   Saudi Arabia 4.83 (−1)

2016–2017 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2016–2017 report: [14]

  1.    Switzerland 5.81 (—)
  2.   Singapore 5.72 (—)
  3.   United States 5.7 (—)
  4.   Netherlands 5.57 (+1)
  5.   Germany 5.57 (−1)
  6.   Sweden 5.53 (+3)
  7.   United Kingdom 5.49 (+3)
  8.   Japan 5.48 (−2)
  9.   Hong Kong 5.48 (−2)
  10.   Finland 5.44 (−2)
  11.   Norway 5.44 (—)
  12.   Denmark 5.35 (—)
  13.   New Zealand 5.31 (+3)
  14.   Taiwan 5.28 (+1)
  15.   Canada 5.27 (−2)
  16.   United Arab Emirates 5.26 (+1)
  17.   Belgium 5.25 (+2)
  18.   Qatar 5.23 (−4)
  19.   Austria 5.22 (+4)
  20.   Luxembourg 5.2 (—)
  21.   France 5.2 (+1)
  22.   Australia 5.19 (−1)
  23.   Ireland 5.18 (+1)
  24.   Israel 5.18 (+3)
  25.   Malaysia 5.16 (−7)
  26.   South Korea 5.03 (—)
  27.   Iceland 4.96 (+2)
  28.   China 4.95 (—)
  29.   Saudi Arabia 4.84 (−4)
  30.   Estonia 4.78 (—)

2015–2016 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2015–2016 report: [15]

  1.   Switzerland 5.76 (—)
  2.   Singapore 5.68 (—)
  3.   United States 5.61 (—)
  4.   Germany 5.53 (+1)
  5.   Netherlands 5.50 (+3)
  6.   Japan 5.47 (—)
  7.   Hong Kong 5.46 (—)
  8.   Finland 5.45 (−4)
  9.   Sweden 5.43 (+1)
  10.   United Kingdom 5.43 (−1)
  11.   Norway 5.41 (—)
  12.   Denmark 5.33 (+1)
  13.   Canada 5.31 (+2)
  14.   Qatar 5.30 (+2)
  15.   Taiwan 5.28 (−1)
  16.   New Zealand 5.25 (+1)
  17.   United Arab Emirates 5.24 (−5)
  18.   Malaysia 5.23 (+2)
  19.   Belgium 5.20 (−1)
  20.   Luxembourg 5.20 (−1)
  21.   Australia 5.15 (+1)
  22.   France 5.13 (+1)
  23.   Austria 5.12 (−2)
  24.   Ireland 5.11 (+1)
  25.   Saudi Arabia 5.07 (−1)
  26.   South Korea 4.98 (—)
  27.   Israel 4.98 (—)
  28.   China 4.89 (—)
  29.   Iceland 4.83 (+1)
  30.   Estonia 4.71 (−1)

2014–2015 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2014–2015 report: [1]

  1.   Switzerland 5.80 (—)
  2.   Singapore 5.65 (—)
  3.   United States 5.54 (+2)
  4.   Finland 5.50 (−1)
  5.   Germany 5.49 (−1)
  6.   Japan 5.47 (+3)
  7.   Hong Kong 5.46 (—)
  8.   Netherlands 5.45 (—)
  9.   United Kingdom 5.41 (+1)
  10.   Sweden 5.41 (−4)
  11.   Norway 5.35 (—)
  12.   United Arab Emirates 5.33 (+7)
  13.   Denmark 5.29 (+2)
  14.   Taiwan 5.25 (−2)
  15.   Canada 5.24 (−1)
  16.   Qatar 5.26 (−3)
  17.   New Zealand 5.20 (+1)
  18.   Belgium 5.18 (−1)
  19.   Luxembourg 5.17 (+3)
  20.   Malaysia 5.16 (+4)
  21.   Austria 5.16 (−5)
  22.   Australia 5.08 (−1)
  23.   France 5.08 (—)
  24.   Saudi Arabia 5.06 (−4)
  25.   Ireland 4.98 (+3)
  26.   South Korea 4.96 (−1)
  27.   Israel 4.95 (—)
  28.   China 4.89 (+1)
  29.   Estonia 4.71 (+3)
  30.   Iceland 4.71 (+1)

2013–2014 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2013–2014 report: [16]

  1.   Switzerland 5.67 (—)
  2.   Singapore 5.61 (—)
  3.   United States 5.54 (—)
  4.   Finland 5.51 (+2)
  5.   Germany 5.48 (+2)
  6.   Sweden 5.48 (−2)
  7.   Hong Kong 5.47 (+2)
  8.   Netherlands 5.42 (−3)
  9.   Japan 5.40 (+1)
  10.   United Kingdom 5.37 (−2)
  11.   Norway 5.33 (+4)
  12.   Taiwan 5.29 (+1)
  13.   Qatar 5.24 (−2)
  14.   Canada 5.20 (—)
  15.   Denmark 5.18 (−3)
  16.   Austria 5.15 (—)
  17.   Belgium 5.13 (—)
  18.   New Zealand 5.11 (+5)
  19.   United Arab Emirates 5.11 (+5)
  20.   Saudi Arabia 5.10 (−2)
  21.   Australia 5.09 (−1)
  22.   Luxembourg 5.09 (—)
  23.   France 5.05 (−2)
  24.   Malaysia 5.03 (+1)
  25.   South Korea 5.01 (−6)
  26.   Brunei 4.95 (+2)
  27.   Israel 4.94 (−1)
  28.   Ireland 4.92 (−1)
  29.   China 4.84 (—)
  30.   Puerto Rico 4.67 (+1)

2012–2013 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2012–2013 report: [17]

  1.   Switzerland 5.72 (—)
  2.   Singapore 5.67 (—)
  3.   Finland 5.55 (+1)
  4.   Sweden 5.53 (−1)
  5.   Netherlands 5.50 (+2)
  6.   Germany 5.48 (—)
  7.   United States 5.47 (−2)
  8.   United Kingdom 5.45 (+2)
  9.   Hong Kong 5.41 (+2)
  10.   Japan 5.40 (−1)
  11.   Qatar 5.38 (+3)
  12.   Denmark 5.29 (−4)
  13.   Taiwan 5.28 (—)
  14.   Canada 5.27 (−2)
  15.   Norway 5.27 (+1)
  16.   Austria 5.22 (+3)
  17.   Belgium 5.21 (−2)
  18.   Saudi Arabia 5.19 (+1)
  19.   South Korea 5.12 (+5)
  20.   Australia 5.12 (—)
  21.   France 5.11 (−3)
  22.   Luxembourg 5.09 (+1)
  23.   New Zealand 5.09 (+2)
  24.   United Arab Emirates 5.07 (+3)
  25.   Malaysia 5.06 (−4)
  26.   Israel 5.02 (−4)
  27.   Ireland 4.91 (+2)
  28.   Brunei 4.87 (—)
  29.   China 4.83 (−3)
  30.   Iceland 4.74 (—)

2011–2012 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2011–2012 report: [18] [19]

  1.   Switzerland 5.75 (—)
  2.   Singapore 5.63 (+1)
  3.   Sweden 5.61 (−1)
  4.   Finland 5.47 (+3)
  5.   United States 5.43 (−1)
  6.   Germany 5.41 (−1)
  7.   Netherlands 5.41 (+1)
  8.   Denmark 5.40 (+1)
  9.   Japan 5.40 (−3)
  10.   United Kingdom 5.39 (+2)
  11.   Hong Kong 5.36 (—)
  12.   Canada 5.33 (−2)
  13.   Taiwan 5.26 (—)
  14.   Qatar 5.24 (+3)
  15.   Belgium 5.20 (+4)
  16.   Norway 5.18 (−2)
  17.   Saudi Arabia 5.17 (+4)
  18.   France 5.14 (−3)
  19.   Austria 5.14 (−1)
  20.   Australia 5.11 (−4)
  21.   Malaysia 5.08 (+5)
  22.   Israel 5.07 (+2)
  23.   Luxembourg 5.03 (−3)
  24.   South Korea 5.02 (−2)
  25.   New Zealand 4.93 (−2)
  26.   China 4.90 (+1)
  27.   United Arab Emirates 4.89 (−2)
  28.   Brunei 4.78 (—)
  29.   Ireland 4.77 (—)
  30.   Iceland 4.75 (+1)

2010–2011 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2010–2011 report: [20]

  1.   Switzerland 5.63 (—)
  2.   Sweden 5.56 (+2)
  3.   Singapore 5.48 (—)
  4.   United States 5.43 (–2)
  5.   Germany 5.39 (+2)
  6.   Japan 5.37 (+2)
  7.   Finland 5.37 (–1)
  8.   Netherlands 5.33 (+2)
  9.   Denmark 5.32 (–4)
  10.   Canada 5.30 (–1)
  11.   Hong Kong 5.27 (—)
  12.   United Kingdom 5.25 (+1)
  13.   Taiwan 5.21 (–1)
  14.   Norway 5.14 (—)
  15.   France 5.13 (+1)
  16.   Australia 5.11 (–1)
  17.   Qatar 5.10 (—)
  18.   Austria 5.09 (–1)
  19.   Belgium 5.07 (–1)
  20.   Luxembourg 5.05 (+1)
  21.   Saudi Arabia 4.95 (+6)
  22.   South Korea 4.93 (—)
  23.   New Zealand 4.92 (–3)
  24.   Israel 4.91 (+3)
  25.   United Arab Emirates 4.89 (–2)
  26.   Malaysia 4.88 (–2)
  27.   China 4.84 (+2)
  28.   Brunei 4.75 (+4)
  29.   Ireland 4.74 (–4)
  30.   Chile 4.69 (—)

2009–2010 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2009–2010 report: [21]

  1.   Switzerland 5.60 (+1)
  2.   United States 5.59 (–1)
  3.   Singapore 5.55 (+2)
  4.   Sweden 5.51 (—)
  5.   Denmark 5.46 (–2)
  6.   Finland 5.43 (—)
  7.   Germany 5.37 (—)
  8.   Japan 5.37 (+1)
  9.   Canada 5.33 (+1)
  10.   Netherlands 5.32 (–2)
  11.   Hong Kong 5.22 (—)
  12.   Taiwan 5.20 (+5)
  13.   United Kingdom 5.19 (–1)
  14.   Norway 5.17 (+1)
  15.   Australia 5.15 (+3)
  16.   France 5.13 (—)
  17.   Austria 5.13 (–3)
  18.   Belgium 5.09 (+1)
  19.   South Korea 5.00 (–6)
  20.   New Zealand 4.98 (+4)
  21.   Luxembourg 4.96 (+4)
  22.   Qatar 4.95 (+4)
  23.   United Arab Emirates 4.92 (+8)
  24.   Malaysia 4.87 (–3)
  25.   Ireland 4.84 (–3)
  26.   Iceland 4.80 (–6)
  27.   Israel 4.80 (–4)
  28.   Saudi Arabia 4.75 (–1)
  29.   China 4.74 (+1)
  30.   Chile 4.70 (+2)

2008–2009 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2008–2009 report: [22]

  1.   United States 5.74
  2.   Switzerland 5.61
  3.   Denmark 5.58
  4.   Sweden 5.53
  5.   Singapore 5.53
  6.   Finland 5.50
  7.   Germany 5.46
  8.   Netherlands 5.41
  9.   Japan 5.38
  10.   Canada 5.37
  11.   Hong Kong 5.33
  12.   United Kingdom 5.30
  13.   South Korea 5.28
  14.   Austria 5.23
  15.   Norway 5.22
  16.   France 5.22
  17.   Taiwan 5.22
  18.   Australia 5.20
  19.   Belgium 5.14
  20.   Iceland 5.05
  21.   Malaysia 5.04
  22.   Ireland 4.99
  23.   Israel 4.97
  24.   New Zealand 4.93
  25.   Luxembourg 4.85
  26.   Qatar 4.83
  27.   Saudi Arabia 4.72
  28.   Chile 4.72
  29.   Spain 4.72
  30.   China 4.70

You can find the computation and structure of the GCI pp. 49–50 of the Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014, Full Data Edition. [16]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Global Competitiveness Report 2014-2015 - Reports - World Economic Forum". Global Competitiveness Report 2014-2015.
  2. ^ "Global Competitiveness Report Special Edition 2020: How Countries are Performing on the Road to Recovery". Retrieved 2023-02-19.
  3. ^ a b "Sala-i-Martin, Xavier and Elsa V. Artadi, "The Global Competitiveness Index", Global Competitiveness Report, Global Economic Forum 2004
  4. ^ "Global Competitiveness Network: Frequently Asked Questions". Archived from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
  5. ^ "Methodology". wef.ch. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  6. ^ "Executive Summary" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-27. Retrieved 2006-09-27.
  7. ^ See appendix in Page 47 of the 2011-12 report. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf
  8. ^ "World Economic Forum - FAQs". Archived from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
  9. ^ "The Competitiveness Indexes" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-27. Retrieved 2006-09-28.
  10. ^ Snowdon, Brian. "The Enduring Elixir of Economic Growth" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  11. ^ a b "The Global Competitiveness Report 2018" (PDF).
  12. ^ a b "The Global Competitiveness Report 2019" (PDF). Retrieved Oct 21, 2022.
  13. ^ "Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018" (PDF). World Economic Forum.
  14. ^ "Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017" (PDF). World Economic Forum.
  15. ^ "Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016". wef.ch. Retrieved Oct 21, 2022.
  16. ^ a b "The Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  17. ^ "The Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  18. ^ "US Competitiveness Ranking Continues to Fall; Emerging Markets Are Closing the Gap | World Economic Forum - US Competitiveness Ranking Continues to Fall; Emerging Markets Are Closing the Gap". Weforum.org. 2011-09-07. Archived from the original on 2013-05-01. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
  19. ^ "World Economic Forum - Home" (PDF). www3.weforum.org. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  20. ^ World Economic Forum. "Table 4: The Global Competitiveness Index 2010–2011 rankings and 2009–2010 comparisons" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-22. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  21. ^ World Economic Forum. "Table 4: The Global Competitiveness Index 2009–2010 rankings and 2008–2009 comparisons" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
  22. ^ World Economic Forum. "The Global Competitiveness Index rankings and 2007–2008 comparisons" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-24. Retrieved 2009-09-10.

External links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) [1] was a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum. Between 2004 and 2020, [2] the Global Competitiveness Report ranked countries based on the Global Competitiveness Index, [1] developed by Xavier Sala-i-Martin and Elsa V. Artadi. [3] Before that, the macroeconomic ranks were based on Jeffrey Sachs's Growth Development Index and the microeconomic ranks were based on Michael Porter's Business Competitiveness Index. The Global Competitiveness Index integrates the macroeconomic and the micro/business aspects of competitiveness into a single index.

The report "assesses the ability of countries to provide high levels of prosperity to their citizens". This in turn depends on how productively a country uses available resources. Therefore, the Global Competitiveness Index measures the set of institutions, policies, and factors that set the sustainable current and medium-term levels of economic prosperity." [4] [5]

Description

Since 2004, the report ranks the world's nations according to the Global Competitiveness Index, [3] based on the latest theoretical and empirical research. [6] It is made up of over 110 variables, of which two thirds come from the Executive Opinion Survey, and one third comes from publicly available sources such as the United Nations. The variables are organized into twelve pillars, [7] with each pillar representing an area considered as an important determinant of competitiveness.

One part of the report is the Executive Opinion Survey, which is a survey of a representative sample of business leaders in their respective countries. Respondent numbers have increased every year and is currently just over 13,500 in 142 countries (2010). [8]

The report notes that as a nation develops, wages tend to increase, and that in order to sustain this higher income, labor productivity must improve for the nation to be competitive. In addition, what creates productivity in Sweden is necessarily different from what drives it in Ghana. Thus, the GCI separates countries into three specific stages: factor-driven, efficiency-driven, and innovation-driven, each implying a growing degree of complexity in the operation of the economy.

The report has twelve pillars of competitiveness. These are:

  1. Institutions
  2. Appropriate infrastructure
  3. Stable macroeconomic framework
  4. Good health and primary education
  5. Higher education and training
  6. Efficient goods markets
  7. Efficient labor markets
  8. Developed financial markets
  9. Ability to harness existing technology
  10. Market sizeboth domestic and international
  11. Production of new and different goods using the most sophisticated production processes
  12. Innovation

In the factor-driven stage countries compete based on their factor endowments, primarily unskilled labor and natural resources. Companies compete on the basis of prices and sell basic products or commodities, with their low productivity reflected in low wages. To maintain competitiveness at this stage of development, competitiveness hinges mainly on well-functioning public and private institutions (pillar 1), appropriate infrastructure (pillar 2), a stable macroeconomic framework (pillar 3), and good health and primary education (pillar 4).

As wages rise with advancing development, countries move into the efficiency-driven stage of development, when they must begin to develop more efficient production processes and increase product quality. At this point, competitiveness becomes increasingly driven by higher education and training (pillar 5), efficient goods markets (pillar 6), efficient labor markets (pillar 7), developed financial markets (pillar 8), the ability to harness the benefits of existing technologies (pillar 9), and its market size, both domestic and international (pillar 10).

Finally, as countries move into the innovation-driven stage, they are only able to sustain higher wages and a higher standard of living if their businesses are able to compete by providing new or unique products. At this stage, companies must compete by producing new and different goods using the most sophisticated production processes (pillar 11) and through innovation (pillar 12).

Thus, the impact of each pillar on competitiveness varies across countries, in function of their stages of economic development. Therefore, in the calculation of the GCI, pillars are given different weights depending on the per capita income of the nation. [9] The weights used are the values that best explain growth in recent years [10] For example, the sophistication and innovation factors contribute 10% to the final score in factor and efficiency-driven economies, but 30% in innovation-driven economies. Intermediate values are used for economies in transition between stages.

The Global Competitiveness Index's annual reports are somewhat similar to the Ease of Doing Business Index and the Indices of Economic Freedom, which also look at factors affecting economic growth (but not as many as the Global Competitiveness Report). Data from the Global Competitiveness Index relating to the strength of auditing and reporting standards, institutions and judicial independence is used in the Basel AML Index, a money laundering risk assessment tool developed by the Basel Institute on Governance.

Limitations

In spite of the World Economic Forum's Global Risks Report which is increasingly identifying environmental pressures as the dominant risks to humanity, none of the indicators used to determine this report's competitiveness ranking reflect any of the countries' environmental dimensions such as energy, water, climate risks, resource or food security, etc. The Global Competitiveness Report 2018 [11] and 2019 [12] used the ecological footprint as a context indicator, but the footprint was not included in the scoring algorithm that determines the ranking.

2019 rankings

This is the full ranking of the 2019 report: [12]

Rank Country Score
Increase 1   Singapore 84.8
Decrease 2   United States 83.7
Increase 3   Hong Kong 83.1
Increase 4   Netherlands 82.4
Decrease 5   Switzerland 82.3
Decrease 6   Japan 82.3
Decrease 7   Germany 81.8
Increase 8   Sweden 81.2
Decrease 9   United Kingdom 81.2
Steady 10   Denmark 81.2
Steady 11   Finland 80.2
Increase 12   Taiwan 80.2
Increase 13   South Korea 79.6
Decrease 14   Canada 79.6
Increase 15   France 78.8
Decrease 16   Australia 78.7
Decrease 17   Norway 78.1
Increase 18   Luxembourg 77.0
Decrease 19   New Zealand 76.7
Steady 20   Israel 76.7
Increase 21   Austria 76.6
Decrease 22   Belgium 76.4
Increase 23   Spain 75.3
Decrease 24   Ireland 75.1
Increase 25   United Arab Emirates 75.0
Decrease 26   Iceland 74.7
Decrease 27   Malaysia 74.6
Steady 28   China 73.9
Increase 29   Qatar 72.9
Increase 30   Italy 71.5
Increase 31   Estonia 70.9
Decrease 32   Czech Republic 70.9
Steady 33   Chile 70.5
Steady 34   Portugal 70.4
Steady 35   Slovenia 70.2
Increase 36   Saudi Arabia 70.0
Steady 37   Poland 68.9
Decrease 38   Malta 68.5
Increase 39   Lithuania 68.4
Decrease 40   Thailand 68.1
Increase 41   Latvia 67.0
Decrease 42   Slovakia 66.8
Steady 43   Russia 66.7
Steady 44   Cyprus 66.4
Increase 45   Bahrain 65.4
Increase 46   Kuwait 65.1
Increase 47   Hungary 65.1
Decrease 48   Mexico 64.9
Increase 49   Bulgaria 64.9
Decrease 50   Indonesia 64.6
Increase 51   Romania 64.4
Decrease 52   Mauritius 64.3
Decrease 53   Oman 63.6
Decrease 54   Uruguay 63.5
Increase 55   Kazakhstan 62.9
Increase 56   Brunei 62.8
Increase 57   Colombia 62.7
Increase 58   Azerbaijan 62.7
Decrease 59   Greece 62.6
Decrease 60   South Africa 62.4
Steady 61   Turkey 62.1
Steady 62   Costa Rica 62.0
Increase 63   Croatia 61.9
Decrease 64   Philippines 61.9
Decrease 65   Peru 61.7
Decrease 66   Panama 61.6
Increase 67   Vietnam 61.5
Decrease 68   India 61.4
Increase 69   Armenia 61.3
Increase 70   Jordan 60.9
Increase 71   Brazil 60.9
Decrease 72   Serbia 60.9
Decrease 73   Montenegro 60.9
Decrease 74   Georgia 60.9
Steady 75   Morocco 60.0
Decrease 76   Seychelles 59.6
NEW 77   Barbados 58.9
Decrease 78   Dominican Republic 58.3
Decrease 79   Trinidad and Tobago 58.3
Decrease 80   Jamaica 58.3
Decrease 81   Albania 57.6
Increase 82   North Macedonia 57.3
Decrease 83   Argentina 57.2
Increase 84   Sri Lanka 57.1
Decrease 85   Ukraine 57.0
Increase 86   Moldova 56.7
Steady 87   Tunisia 56.4
Decrease 88   Lebanon 56.3
Increase 89   Algeria 56.3
Decrease 90   Ecuador 55.7
Decrease 91   Botswana 55.5
Decrease 92   Bosnia and Herzegovina 54.7
Increase 93   Egypt 54.5
Increase 94   Namibia 54.5
Decrease 95   Kenya 54.1
Increase 96   Kyrgyzstan 54.0
Decrease 97   Paraguay 53.6
Decrease 98   Guatemala 53.5
Decrease 99   Iran 53.0
Increase 100   Rwanda 52.8
Steady 101   Honduras 52.7
Decrease 102   Mongolia 52.6
Decrease 103   El Salvador 52.6
Decrease 104   Tajikistan 52.4
Decrease 105   Bangladesh 52.1
Increase 106   Cambodia 52.1
Decrease 107   Bolivia 51.8
Increase 108   Nepal 51.6
Decrease 109   Nicaragua 51.5
Decrease 110   Pakistan 51.4
Decrease 111   Ghana 51.2
Decrease 112   Cape Verde 50.8
Decrease 113   Laos 50.1
Decrease 114   Senegal 49.7
Increase 115   Uganda 48.9
Decrease 116   Nigeria 48.3
Decrease 117   Tanzania 48.2
Decrease 118   Ivory Coast 48.1
NEW 119   Gabon 47.5
Decrease 120   Zambia 46.5
Decrease 121   Eswatini 46.4
Increase 122   Guinea 46.1
Decrease 123   Cameroon 46.0
Decrease 124   Gambia 45.9
Decrease 125   Benin 45.8
Decrease 126   Ethiopia 44.4
Increase 127   Zimbabwe 44.2
Increase 128   Malawi 43.7
Decrease 129   Mali 43.6
Decrease 130   Burkina Faso 43.4
Decrease 131   Lesotho 42.9
NEW 132   Madagascar 42.9
Decrease 133   Venezuela 41.8
Decrease 134   Mauritania 40.9
Increase 135   Burundi 40.3
Increase 136   Angola 38.1
Decrease 137   Mozambique 38.1
Steady 138   Haiti 36.3
Decrease 139   Democratic Republic of the Congo 36.1
Decrease 140   Yemen 35.5
Decrease 141   Chad 35.1


2018 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2018 report: [11]

  1.   United States 85.6 (+1)
  2.   Singapore 83.5 (+1)
  3.   Germany 82.8 (+2)
  4.    Switzerland 82.6 (−3)
  5.   Japan 82.5 (+4)
  6.   Netherlands 82.4 (−2)
  7.   Hong Kong 82.3 (−1)
  8.   United Kingdom 82 (—)
  9.   Sweden 81.7 (−2)
  10.   Denmark 80.6 (+2)
  11.   Finland 80.3 (−1)
  12.   Canada 79.9 (+2)
  13.   Taiwan 79.3 (+2)
  14.   Australia 78.9 (+7)
  15.   South Korea 78.8 (+11)
  16.   Norway 78.2 (−5)
  17.   France 78 (+5)
  18.   New Zealand 77.5 (−5)
  19.   Luxembourg 76.6 (—)
  20.   Israel 76.6 (−4)
  21.   Belgium 76.6 (−1)
  22.   Austria 76.3 (−4)
  23.   Ireland 75.7 (+1)
  24.   Iceland 74.5 (—)
  25.   Malaysia 74.4 (−2)
  26.   Spain 74.2 (+8)
  27.   United Arab Emirates 73.4 (−10)
  28.   China 72.6(−1)
  29.   Czech Republic 71.2 (+2)
  30.   Qatar 71 (−5)

2017–2018 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2017–2018 report: [13]

  1.    Switzerland 5.86 (—)
  2.   United States 5.85 (+1)
  3.   Singapore 5.71 (−1)
  4.   Netherlands 5.66 (—)
  5.   Germany 5.65 (—)
  6.   Hong Kong 5.53 (+3)
  7.   Sweden 5.52 (−1)
  8.   United Kingdom 5.51 (−1)
  9.   Japan 5.49 (−1)
  10.   Finland 5.49 (—)
  11.   Norway 5.40 (—)
  12.   Denmark 5.39 (—)
  13.   New Zealand 5.37 (—)
  14.   Canada 5.35 (+1)
  15.   Taiwan 5.33 (−1)
  16.   Israel 5.31 (+8)
  17.   United Arab Emirates 5.30 (−1)
  18.   Austria 5.25 (+1)
  19.   Luxembourg 5.23 (+1)
  20.   Belgium 5.23 (−3)
  21.   Australia 5.19 (+1)
  22.   France 5.18 (−1)
  23.   Malaysia 5.17 (+2)
  24.   Ireland 5.16 (−1)
  25.   Qatar 5.11 (−7)
  26.   South Korea 5.07 (—)
  27.   China 5.00 (+1)
  28.   Iceland 4.99 (−1)
  29.   Estonia 4.85 (+1)
  30.   Saudi Arabia 4.83 (−1)

2016–2017 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2016–2017 report: [14]

  1.    Switzerland 5.81 (—)
  2.   Singapore 5.72 (—)
  3.   United States 5.7 (—)
  4.   Netherlands 5.57 (+1)
  5.   Germany 5.57 (−1)
  6.   Sweden 5.53 (+3)
  7.   United Kingdom 5.49 (+3)
  8.   Japan 5.48 (−2)
  9.   Hong Kong 5.48 (−2)
  10.   Finland 5.44 (−2)
  11.   Norway 5.44 (—)
  12.   Denmark 5.35 (—)
  13.   New Zealand 5.31 (+3)
  14.   Taiwan 5.28 (+1)
  15.   Canada 5.27 (−2)
  16.   United Arab Emirates 5.26 (+1)
  17.   Belgium 5.25 (+2)
  18.   Qatar 5.23 (−4)
  19.   Austria 5.22 (+4)
  20.   Luxembourg 5.2 (—)
  21.   France 5.2 (+1)
  22.   Australia 5.19 (−1)
  23.   Ireland 5.18 (+1)
  24.   Israel 5.18 (+3)
  25.   Malaysia 5.16 (−7)
  26.   South Korea 5.03 (—)
  27.   Iceland 4.96 (+2)
  28.   China 4.95 (—)
  29.   Saudi Arabia 4.84 (−4)
  30.   Estonia 4.78 (—)

2015–2016 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2015–2016 report: [15]

  1.   Switzerland 5.76 (—)
  2.   Singapore 5.68 (—)
  3.   United States 5.61 (—)
  4.   Germany 5.53 (+1)
  5.   Netherlands 5.50 (+3)
  6.   Japan 5.47 (—)
  7.   Hong Kong 5.46 (—)
  8.   Finland 5.45 (−4)
  9.   Sweden 5.43 (+1)
  10.   United Kingdom 5.43 (−1)
  11.   Norway 5.41 (—)
  12.   Denmark 5.33 (+1)
  13.   Canada 5.31 (+2)
  14.   Qatar 5.30 (+2)
  15.   Taiwan 5.28 (−1)
  16.   New Zealand 5.25 (+1)
  17.   United Arab Emirates 5.24 (−5)
  18.   Malaysia 5.23 (+2)
  19.   Belgium 5.20 (−1)
  20.   Luxembourg 5.20 (−1)
  21.   Australia 5.15 (+1)
  22.   France 5.13 (+1)
  23.   Austria 5.12 (−2)
  24.   Ireland 5.11 (+1)
  25.   Saudi Arabia 5.07 (−1)
  26.   South Korea 4.98 (—)
  27.   Israel 4.98 (—)
  28.   China 4.89 (—)
  29.   Iceland 4.83 (+1)
  30.   Estonia 4.71 (−1)

2014–2015 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2014–2015 report: [1]

  1.   Switzerland 5.80 (—)
  2.   Singapore 5.65 (—)
  3.   United States 5.54 (+2)
  4.   Finland 5.50 (−1)
  5.   Germany 5.49 (−1)
  6.   Japan 5.47 (+3)
  7.   Hong Kong 5.46 (—)
  8.   Netherlands 5.45 (—)
  9.   United Kingdom 5.41 (+1)
  10.   Sweden 5.41 (−4)
  11.   Norway 5.35 (—)
  12.   United Arab Emirates 5.33 (+7)
  13.   Denmark 5.29 (+2)
  14.   Taiwan 5.25 (−2)
  15.   Canada 5.24 (−1)
  16.   Qatar 5.26 (−3)
  17.   New Zealand 5.20 (+1)
  18.   Belgium 5.18 (−1)
  19.   Luxembourg 5.17 (+3)
  20.   Malaysia 5.16 (+4)
  21.   Austria 5.16 (−5)
  22.   Australia 5.08 (−1)
  23.   France 5.08 (—)
  24.   Saudi Arabia 5.06 (−4)
  25.   Ireland 4.98 (+3)
  26.   South Korea 4.96 (−1)
  27.   Israel 4.95 (—)
  28.   China 4.89 (+1)
  29.   Estonia 4.71 (+3)
  30.   Iceland 4.71 (+1)

2013–2014 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2013–2014 report: [16]

  1.   Switzerland 5.67 (—)
  2.   Singapore 5.61 (—)
  3.   United States 5.54 (—)
  4.   Finland 5.51 (+2)
  5.   Germany 5.48 (+2)
  6.   Sweden 5.48 (−2)
  7.   Hong Kong 5.47 (+2)
  8.   Netherlands 5.42 (−3)
  9.   Japan 5.40 (+1)
  10.   United Kingdom 5.37 (−2)
  11.   Norway 5.33 (+4)
  12.   Taiwan 5.29 (+1)
  13.   Qatar 5.24 (−2)
  14.   Canada 5.20 (—)
  15.   Denmark 5.18 (−3)
  16.   Austria 5.15 (—)
  17.   Belgium 5.13 (—)
  18.   New Zealand 5.11 (+5)
  19.   United Arab Emirates 5.11 (+5)
  20.   Saudi Arabia 5.10 (−2)
  21.   Australia 5.09 (−1)
  22.   Luxembourg 5.09 (—)
  23.   France 5.05 (−2)
  24.   Malaysia 5.03 (+1)
  25.   South Korea 5.01 (−6)
  26.   Brunei 4.95 (+2)
  27.   Israel 4.94 (−1)
  28.   Ireland 4.92 (−1)
  29.   China 4.84 (—)
  30.   Puerto Rico 4.67 (+1)

2012–2013 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2012–2013 report: [17]

  1.   Switzerland 5.72 (—)
  2.   Singapore 5.67 (—)
  3.   Finland 5.55 (+1)
  4.   Sweden 5.53 (−1)
  5.   Netherlands 5.50 (+2)
  6.   Germany 5.48 (—)
  7.   United States 5.47 (−2)
  8.   United Kingdom 5.45 (+2)
  9.   Hong Kong 5.41 (+2)
  10.   Japan 5.40 (−1)
  11.   Qatar 5.38 (+3)
  12.   Denmark 5.29 (−4)
  13.   Taiwan 5.28 (—)
  14.   Canada 5.27 (−2)
  15.   Norway 5.27 (+1)
  16.   Austria 5.22 (+3)
  17.   Belgium 5.21 (−2)
  18.   Saudi Arabia 5.19 (+1)
  19.   South Korea 5.12 (+5)
  20.   Australia 5.12 (—)
  21.   France 5.11 (−3)
  22.   Luxembourg 5.09 (+1)
  23.   New Zealand 5.09 (+2)
  24.   United Arab Emirates 5.07 (+3)
  25.   Malaysia 5.06 (−4)
  26.   Israel 5.02 (−4)
  27.   Ireland 4.91 (+2)
  28.   Brunei 4.87 (—)
  29.   China 4.83 (−3)
  30.   Iceland 4.74 (—)

2011–2012 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2011–2012 report: [18] [19]

  1.   Switzerland 5.75 (—)
  2.   Singapore 5.63 (+1)
  3.   Sweden 5.61 (−1)
  4.   Finland 5.47 (+3)
  5.   United States 5.43 (−1)
  6.   Germany 5.41 (−1)
  7.   Netherlands 5.41 (+1)
  8.   Denmark 5.40 (+1)
  9.   Japan 5.40 (−3)
  10.   United Kingdom 5.39 (+2)
  11.   Hong Kong 5.36 (—)
  12.   Canada 5.33 (−2)
  13.   Taiwan 5.26 (—)
  14.   Qatar 5.24 (+3)
  15.   Belgium 5.20 (+4)
  16.   Norway 5.18 (−2)
  17.   Saudi Arabia 5.17 (+4)
  18.   France 5.14 (−3)
  19.   Austria 5.14 (−1)
  20.   Australia 5.11 (−4)
  21.   Malaysia 5.08 (+5)
  22.   Israel 5.07 (+2)
  23.   Luxembourg 5.03 (−3)
  24.   South Korea 5.02 (−2)
  25.   New Zealand 4.93 (−2)
  26.   China 4.90 (+1)
  27.   United Arab Emirates 4.89 (−2)
  28.   Brunei 4.78 (—)
  29.   Ireland 4.77 (—)
  30.   Iceland 4.75 (+1)

2010–2011 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2010–2011 report: [20]

  1.   Switzerland 5.63 (—)
  2.   Sweden 5.56 (+2)
  3.   Singapore 5.48 (—)
  4.   United States 5.43 (–2)
  5.   Germany 5.39 (+2)
  6.   Japan 5.37 (+2)
  7.   Finland 5.37 (–1)
  8.   Netherlands 5.33 (+2)
  9.   Denmark 5.32 (–4)
  10.   Canada 5.30 (–1)
  11.   Hong Kong 5.27 (—)
  12.   United Kingdom 5.25 (+1)
  13.   Taiwan 5.21 (–1)
  14.   Norway 5.14 (—)
  15.   France 5.13 (+1)
  16.   Australia 5.11 (–1)
  17.   Qatar 5.10 (—)
  18.   Austria 5.09 (–1)
  19.   Belgium 5.07 (–1)
  20.   Luxembourg 5.05 (+1)
  21.   Saudi Arabia 4.95 (+6)
  22.   South Korea 4.93 (—)
  23.   New Zealand 4.92 (–3)
  24.   Israel 4.91 (+3)
  25.   United Arab Emirates 4.89 (–2)
  26.   Malaysia 4.88 (–2)
  27.   China 4.84 (+2)
  28.   Brunei 4.75 (+4)
  29.   Ireland 4.74 (–4)
  30.   Chile 4.69 (—)

2009–2010 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2009–2010 report: [21]

  1.   Switzerland 5.60 (+1)
  2.   United States 5.59 (–1)
  3.   Singapore 5.55 (+2)
  4.   Sweden 5.51 (—)
  5.   Denmark 5.46 (–2)
  6.   Finland 5.43 (—)
  7.   Germany 5.37 (—)
  8.   Japan 5.37 (+1)
  9.   Canada 5.33 (+1)
  10.   Netherlands 5.32 (–2)
  11.   Hong Kong 5.22 (—)
  12.   Taiwan 5.20 (+5)
  13.   United Kingdom 5.19 (–1)
  14.   Norway 5.17 (+1)
  15.   Australia 5.15 (+3)
  16.   France 5.13 (—)
  17.   Austria 5.13 (–3)
  18.   Belgium 5.09 (+1)
  19.   South Korea 5.00 (–6)
  20.   New Zealand 4.98 (+4)
  21.   Luxembourg 4.96 (+4)
  22.   Qatar 4.95 (+4)
  23.   United Arab Emirates 4.92 (+8)
  24.   Malaysia 4.87 (–3)
  25.   Ireland 4.84 (–3)
  26.   Iceland 4.80 (–6)
  27.   Israel 4.80 (–4)
  28.   Saudi Arabia 4.75 (–1)
  29.   China 4.74 (+1)
  30.   Chile 4.70 (+2)

2008–2009 rankings

This is the top 30 of the 2008–2009 report: [22]

  1.   United States 5.74
  2.   Switzerland 5.61
  3.   Denmark 5.58
  4.   Sweden 5.53
  5.   Singapore 5.53
  6.   Finland 5.50
  7.   Germany 5.46
  8.   Netherlands 5.41
  9.   Japan 5.38
  10.   Canada 5.37
  11.   Hong Kong 5.33
  12.   United Kingdom 5.30
  13.   South Korea 5.28
  14.   Austria 5.23
  15.   Norway 5.22
  16.   France 5.22
  17.   Taiwan 5.22
  18.   Australia 5.20
  19.   Belgium 5.14
  20.   Iceland 5.05
  21.   Malaysia 5.04
  22.   Ireland 4.99
  23.   Israel 4.97
  24.   New Zealand 4.93
  25.   Luxembourg 4.85
  26.   Qatar 4.83
  27.   Saudi Arabia 4.72
  28.   Chile 4.72
  29.   Spain 4.72
  30.   China 4.70

You can find the computation and structure of the GCI pp. 49–50 of the Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014, Full Data Edition. [16]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Global Competitiveness Report 2014-2015 - Reports - World Economic Forum". Global Competitiveness Report 2014-2015.
  2. ^ "Global Competitiveness Report Special Edition 2020: How Countries are Performing on the Road to Recovery". Retrieved 2023-02-19.
  3. ^ a b "Sala-i-Martin, Xavier and Elsa V. Artadi, "The Global Competitiveness Index", Global Competitiveness Report, Global Economic Forum 2004
  4. ^ "Global Competitiveness Network: Frequently Asked Questions". Archived from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
  5. ^ "Methodology". wef.ch. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  6. ^ "Executive Summary" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-27. Retrieved 2006-09-27.
  7. ^ See appendix in Page 47 of the 2011-12 report. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf
  8. ^ "World Economic Forum - FAQs". Archived from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
  9. ^ "The Competitiveness Indexes" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-27. Retrieved 2006-09-28.
  10. ^ Snowdon, Brian. "The Enduring Elixir of Economic Growth" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  11. ^ a b "The Global Competitiveness Report 2018" (PDF).
  12. ^ a b "The Global Competitiveness Report 2019" (PDF). Retrieved Oct 21, 2022.
  13. ^ "Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018" (PDF). World Economic Forum.
  14. ^ "Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017" (PDF). World Economic Forum.
  15. ^ "Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016". wef.ch. Retrieved Oct 21, 2022.
  16. ^ a b "The Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  17. ^ "The Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-02-08.
  18. ^ "US Competitiveness Ranking Continues to Fall; Emerging Markets Are Closing the Gap | World Economic Forum - US Competitiveness Ranking Continues to Fall; Emerging Markets Are Closing the Gap". Weforum.org. 2011-09-07. Archived from the original on 2013-05-01. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
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  20. ^ World Economic Forum. "Table 4: The Global Competitiveness Index 2010–2011 rankings and 2009–2010 comparisons" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-22. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  21. ^ World Economic Forum. "Table 4: The Global Competitiveness Index 2009–2010 rankings and 2008–2009 comparisons" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
  22. ^ World Economic Forum. "The Global Competitiveness Index rankings and 2007–2008 comparisons" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-24. Retrieved 2009-09-10.

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