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Guild of Copy Editors This article was copy edited by a member of the Guild of Copy Editors.Guild of Copy EditorsWikipedia:WikiProject Guild of Copy EditorsTemplate:WikiProject Guild of Copy EditorsGuild of Copy Editors articles Medicine: Psychiatry Low‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject Medicine, which recommends that medicine-related articles follow the Manual of Style for medicine-related articles and that biomedical information in any article use high-quality medical sources. Please visit the project page for details or ask questions at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Medicine.MedicineWikipedia:WikiProject MedicineTemplate:WikiProject Medicinemedicine articles Low This article has been rated as Low-importance on the project's importance scale. This article is supported by the Psychiatry task force (assessed as Mid-importance). Psychology High‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject Psychology, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Psychology on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.PsychologyWikipedia:WikiProject PsychologyTemplate:WikiProject Psychologypsychology articles High This article has been rated as High-importance on the project's importance scale. Disability Depression in childhood and adolescence is within the scope of WikiProject Disability. For more information, visit the project page, where you can join the project and/or contribute to the discussion.DisabilityWikipedia:WikiProject DisabilityTemplate:WikiProject DisabilityDisability articles

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I've made a several grammatical corrections within the article that needed to be fixed. Other than that, the Wikipedians that are making critiques on your page are mainly asking for more citations. If you add more internal citations, I think it'll help support the article's overall framework. DavidlawsonND ( talk) 21:40, 16 April 2012 (UTC) reply

Erm, I've never heard depression in childhood called this and am concerned it is reifying depression unduly and diverging with the published consensus literature. I think it is safer to redefine the page as depression in childhood, which allows us to broaden the discussion somewhat without reifying it. thoughts on a move? Casliber ( talk · contribs) 16:43, 28 April 2012 (UTC) reply

• Support the proposal. The proposed new title is less restrictive. Basalisk  ^{inspect damage}⁄ _berate 16:57, 29 April 2012 (UTC) reply
• Agree and move away. -- Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) 19:12, 29 April 2012 (UTC) reply
• I suggest the title be: depression in childhood and adolescence. Prof Haeffel ( talk) 20:19, 30 April 2012 (UTC) reply

• Yes I agree with that too. Casliber ( talk · contribs) 09:38, 3 May 2012 (UTC) reply

• Support I've briefly scanned the first few PubMed results and agree the present name may be reification. -- Anthonyhcole ( talk) 08:58, 3 May 2012 (UTC) reply

@Casliber Hello 2600:8804:86C5:9400:F407:57F5:2E78:2442 ( talk) 17:48, 13 August 2022 (UTC) reply

@2600:8804:86C5:9400:F407:57F5:2E78:2442 I am here because I have depression and I don't have much knowledge about depression. 2600:8804:86C5:9400:F407:57F5:2E78:2442 ( talk) 17:49, 13 August 2022 (UTC) reply

@2600:8804:86C5:9400:F407:57F5:2E78:2442 and yes I am just a kid 2600:8804:86C5:9400:F407:57F5:2E78:2442 ( talk) 17:50, 13 August 2022 (UTC) reply

This is an interesting topic but it needs to be organized better and little edits here and there will improve the overall quality of the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sazimi11 ( talk • contribs) 18:31, 1 August 2012 (UTC) Can we get a better citation for the childhood depression statistics? 1984 is slightly ancient for psych research. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Oscardssmith ( talk • contribs) 05:52, 10 January 2017 (UTC) reply

There are two "clarification needed" notes in that paragraph. I think I've clarified the sentence referenced in the first note, but I'd appreciate someone with more Wikipedia experience than I checking it out and removing the clarify note if necessary. Truthfully, I couldn't see how the second instance could be clarified. skatoulaki ( talk) 06:50, 4 July 2014 (UTC) reply

The treatment section mentions that psychotherapy and medications are commonly used as treatment options however, some research has shown that adolescents prefer psychotherapy instead of medications. Although medication is the last resort when it comes to treatment, it still should be addressed in detail as a form of treatment, along with the other treatments that are listed. They do not go into enough details. As for medication as a form of treatment for depression in children and adolescents, a Cochrane review suggests that those who are treated with antidepressants have lower depression severity scores and high rates of response/remission. This review also suggests that there is an increased risk of suicide for those on antidepressants. Things such as this should be mentioned in the treatment section because it gives the pros/cons of each treatment and what to expect.

Hetrick, S., McKenzie, J., Cox, G., Simmons, M., Merry, S. (2012). Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents. The Cochrane Collaboration, 11, 1- 158. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004851.pub3

Kcwiley12 ( talk) 20:54, 4 December 2015 (UTC) reply

I am hoping to add a section about psychosocial assessments in youth behavioural health. For instance, the digital Check Yourself assessment is being used in schools and clinics to help screen for mental health issues in youth and direct them to the counseling services they need. Such initiatives have been very successful. Check Yourself is also validated by research: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2733175. Can we publish this?

Assessments

Another commonly used assessment is HEADSS, which screens patients for six risk factors: Home, Education/Employment, Activities, Sex, and Suicide. ^[1] This wide-scoping assessment considers youth health in relation to biological factors, psychological issues, and the patient’s social context. HEADSS can be administered digitally in schools and clinics, which is improving disclosure and completion rates.

In order to identify depression in adolescents, some schools follow the Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) program, which is an evidence-based practice used to identify, reduce, and prevent mental illness or problematic use of alcohol and drugs. The Screening component of SBIRT can be completed using Check Yourself, an electronic mental health screening tool based on the HEADSS framework designed by Seattle Children's Hospital. ^[2] Some schools (for example in King County, Washington) use Check Yourself to screen for youth behavioural health. Any concerning behaviors are flagged as low, medium, or high-risk, and school counselors are alerted so that at-risk youth can be referred to interventions and/or follow-up treatment.

Paprika 22:59, 26 July 2019 (UTC)

Dear Wikipedia Team, I suggest addition of below section to existing section called <Risk Factor>. Please let me know if this makes sense. Thanks.

The death of a family pet can also trigger a sense of grief in children that is profound and prolonged, and can potentially lead to subsequent mental health issues and depression. "Loss of a pet can potentially trigger mental health issues in children". Retrieved 2020-09-15. Mandeep.Equatexy ( talk) 15:38, 15 September 2020 (UTC) reply

Hello, we are a group of medical student’s from Queen’s University in Ontario, Canada. We are working to improve this article over the next month and will be posting our planned changes on this talk page. We look forward to working with the existing Wikipedia medical editing community to improve this article and share evidence. We welcome feedback and suggestions as we learn to edit. Thank you. Bentezari ( talk) 20:18, 23 November 2020 (UTC) reply

Here is a list of our suggestions:

1. We propose to insert the following content into the #Assessment section to provide more general information on the diagnostic process as well as warning of reliance on information captured by a single test: "Reliance on inventories and checklists alone can lead to significant numbers of false-positive and false-negative results. For this reason, in addition to depression-specific screening tools, mental health professionals will also conduct interviews with the child/adolescent and other people who know them well. ^[1]" Tortater ( talk) 23:23, 24 November 2020 (UTC) reply

2. We propose to insert the following content into the Diagnosis Controversy Section: "Due to absence of strong evidence that screening children and adolescents for depression leads to improved mental health outcomes, it has been questioned whether they cause more harm than benefit. ^[1]"

3. We propose to remove the following content from the risk factor section as the claims regarding female vulnerability to social pressures as they pertain to depression are not cited, and we could not find any WP:MEDRS sources that could be used to support the content: “there is more pressure for girls to fit into society, meet the societal standard for how a girl should conduct herself and how she should behave and once girls cannot live up to certain standards they end up feeling bad about themselves… Young girls around this age, physically, go through more changes than young boys as such they have to look like a barbie doll to be deemed attractive which put that a higher risk for depression and hormonal imbalance.” Bentezari ( talk) 04:00, 27 November 2020 (UTC) reply

4. We noticed that the first sentence of the risk factor section is not cited, and found an appropriate WP:MEDRS sources that could be used to support the content. We will update the sentence to include the citation, as follows: "In childhood, males and females appear to be at equal risk for depressive disorders; during adolescence, however, females are twice as likely as males to develop depression. ^[1]" Bentezari ( talk) 04:00, 27 November 2020 (UTC) reply

5. We propose to remove the following sentence, as it is redundant, with its contents having been previously stated in the first section of the risk factor section: “Before adolescence rates of depression are about the same in girls and boys, it is not until between the ages of 11-13 that is begins to change.” Bentezari ( talk) 04:00, 27 November 2020 (UTC) reply

6. To provide further evidence supporting the correlation between the fluctuation of female gonadal hormones and vulnerability to depression, we propose to insert the following content into the risk factor section: “Specifically, the onset of the sex gap in depression correlates with the onset of puberty, when females begin to experience significant gonadal hormone fluctuations. The increased prevalence of depression in females compared to males is again outstanding during the postpartum and perimenopausal periods. These findings suggest that dramatic fluctuations in hormones among females during puberty may render adolescent females more vulnerable to depression, although the underlying mechanism is not known. ^[1]” Bentezari ( talk) 04:00, 27 November 2020 (UTC) reply

7. We propose to remove the following section from the risk factor section as the wording is misleading in that it suggests female hormones themselves, rather than fluctuations in these hormones, may render female adolescents susceptible to depression: “The fact that increased prevalence of depression correlates with hormonal changes in women, particularly during puberty, suggests that female hormones may be a trigger for depression.” Bentezari ( talk) 04:00, 27 November 2020 (UTC) reply

8. We propose to change the following sentence in the #Antidepressants subsection: "Clinicians usually first recommend one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a class of antidepressants that includes fluoxetine (Prozac), citalopram (Celexa), and sertraline (Zoloft).[47]" And instead, say the following: "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants that have been studied most for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in children and youth. Children/youth treated with SSRIs experienced less severe depression and achieved remission faster than those who were treated with placebo." ^[1] Artyom.korenevsky ( talk) 19:07, 29 November 2020 (UTC) reply

9. We propose to remove the following information in the Base Rates and Prevalence section from reference # 6 around prevalence rates for depression amongst adolescents as it is outdated: “…and 3.2% to 8.9% among adolescents.” Abelchan4 ( talk) 18:50, 30 November 2020 (UTC) reply

10. We propose to insert the following content into the Base Rates and Prevalence section: "Amongst teenagers, up to 9% meet criteria for depression in a given moment and approximately 20% experience depression sometime during adolescence. Specifically in primary care settings, higher prevalence rates of up to 28% are reported for adolescents meeting criteria for depression." ^[1] Abelchan4 ( talk) 18:50, 30 November 2020 (UTC) reply

11. We propose to remove the following sentence from the Cognitive Therapy section as it is difficult to follow and its reference #43 is outdated: "They learn to monitor their negative thoughts, to become aware of the link between their thoughts, the effect their thoughts have on them and their behavior, to become aware of and change the negative, depressive thoughts which affect their health and state of mind." Mudkips Anatomy ( talk) 16:06, 3 December 2020 (UTC) reply

Thanks for helping to clean up the article. JenOttawa ( talk) 04:49, 5 December 2020 (UTC) reply

12. We propose to insert the following content into the Cognitive Therapy section: "During cognitive behavioural therapy, children and adolescents with depression work with therapists to learn about their diagnosis, how to identify and reshape negative thought patterns, and how to increase engagement in enjoyable activities. ^[1]" Mudkips Anatomy ( talk) 16:14, 3 December 2020 (UTC) reply

Hi, I noted that the following (pasted below) was added to the article. Great to see suggestions to improve this article @ CeeCee12:! I moved it here so that we can find better sources that follow Wikipedia's guideline- specifically WP:MEDRS.

"Children are less likely to open up in talk therapy because they may feel judged or even rejected by their therapist. This is due to household reasons such as feeling unwanted, family issues, or  financial issues. Studies have also shown that when parents do force their children to participate in talk therapy because they will not open up at home, so the children feel forced to speak to a stranger. An Empathic therapist  who is more likely to feel empathy is more likely to help the child feel more comfortable on opening up. ^[1]"

JenOttawa ( talk) 00:45, 13 April 2021 (UTC) reply

Hi, sharing a new section on imaging that we just added by @ Avonious: here so appropriate sources for medical articles that meet WP:MEDRS can be found.

"Differences in the brain’s structure and function appear to be present in adolescents with depression though this may depend on age. Younger adolescents, mostly under the age of 18, with depression have shown greater white matter volume within frontal regions of the brain, greater cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex, as well as greater functional connectivity between cortico-limbic brain regions.
[1] 
[2] Whereas older adolescents, mostly above the age of 18, appear to show lower cortical surface area in regions including the lingual, occipital gyri, as well as medial orbitofrontal and motor cortices.
[3]  Results such as these have led to the hypothesis that the biological causes of depression may in part be neurodevelopmental, with its biological underpinnings forming early on in brain development.
[4]
[5]"

1. Cognitive behavioral therapy may have a rehabilitative, not normalizing, effect on functional connectivity in adolescent depression Is a primary research study (longitudinal cohort study). Pretty large n vlaue for an imaging study, however, would need a stronger secondary source to make such a strong statement in the wikipedia article. "Differences in the brain’s structure and function appear to be present in adolescents with depression though this may depend on age. Younger adolescents, mostly under the age of 18, with depression have shown greater white matter volume within frontal regions of the brain, greater cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex, as well as greater functional connectivity between cortico-limbic brain regions."
2. Psychiatry Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group is a large study. Has this work been included in a clinical practice guideline, high-quality text book, systematic review, statement from an authorative medical organization etc?
3. The storm and stress of adolescence: Insights from human imaging and mouse genetics is an "invited address". I am not certain if this meets Wikipedia's criteria for reliable content in medicine. Prehaps another editor can help.
Just sharing these here so that the edit and all this hard work is not lost and higher quality sources can be found and added. JenOttawa ( talk) 19:54, 7 December 2021 (UTC) reply

Article lacks discussion on the effects of social media and cyberbullying on adolescent depression, would be relevant to add information from the social media and cyberbullying articles. Yisqo ( talk) 19:55, 7 June 2023 (UTC) reply

This article is currently the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 11 March 2024 and 17 May 2024. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Mariavaron14 ( article contribs). Peer reviewers: Morganautumn07, Sammybeann, Ajohnson2016, Jackducas.

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