Part of a series on the |
Culture of Indonesia |
---|
People |
Languages |
Mythology and Folklore |
Cuisine |
Literature |
Music and Performing arts |
Sport |
There are 1,340 [1] [2] recognised ethnic groups in Indonesia. The vast majority of those belong to the Austronesian peoples, with a sizeable minority being Melanesians. [3] [4] [5] [6] Indonesia has the world's largest number of Austronesians and Melanesians.
Based on ethnic classification, the largest ethnic group in Indonesia is the Javanese who make up about 40% of the total population. The Javanese are concentrated on the island of Java, particularly in the central and eastern parts. It is also the largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia. The Sundanese are the next largest group; their homeland is located in the western part of the island of Java and the southern edge of Sumatra. The Sunda Strait is named after them. [7] The Malays, Batak, Madurese, Betawi, Minangkabau, and Bugis are the next largest groups in the country. [8]
Many ethnic groups, particularly in Kalimantan and Papua, have only hundreds of members. Most of the local languages belong to the Austronesian language family, although a significant number of people, particularly in eastern Indonesia, speak unrelated Papuan languages. Indonesians of Chinese, Arab and Indian descent each make up less than 3% of the total Indonesian population. [8]
The classification of ethnic groups in Indonesia is not rigid and in some cases unclear due to migrations, cultural and linguistic influences; for example, some may consider the Bantenese to be members of the Sundanese people; however, others argue that they are different ethnic groups altogether since they have their own distinct dialects. This is also the case with the Baduy people, who share many cultural similarities with the Sundanese people. An example of hybrid ethnicity is the Betawi people, descended not only from marriages between different peoples native to Indonesia, but also intermarriages with Arab, Chinese and Indian migrants since the era of colonial Batavia (modern-day Jakarta).
Number and percentage of population of ethnic groups with more than a million members according to the 2010 census. [9] [a]
The proportions of Indonesian ethnic groups according to the (2000 census) are as follows. [10] Some ethnic groups which are now recognized as being distinct were subsumed under larger umbrella groups up until 2001. Since the 2010 census, they are counted separately.
Most ethnic groups are indigenous to certain regions of Indonesia. Due to migration within Indonesia (as part of government transmigration programs or otherwise), significant proportions of those ethnic groups reside outside of their traditional regions.
Throughout Indonesian history, various ethnic groups of foreign origin spread throughout Indonesia in several migration waves, and usually established themselves in urban centres, seldom settling rural parts of the country.
According to the United Nations, there were 355,505 international migrants in Indonesia in 2020. Their most common countries of origin were as follows:
International migrants in Indonesia in 2020 | |
---|---|
China | 76,028
|
South Korea | 33,580
|
United Kingdom | 32,911
|
Singapore | 23,681
|
Japan | 19,879
|
United States | 12,697
|
India | 12,590
|
Australia | 11,400
|
Pakistan | 8,645
|
Netherlands | 7,306
|
Philippines | 4,230
|
Source: "International Migrant Stock 2020: Destination and origin". United Nations. 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2023. |
{{
cite book}}
: |website=
ignored (
help)
Part of a series on the |
Culture of Indonesia |
---|
People |
Languages |
Mythology and Folklore |
Cuisine |
Literature |
Music and Performing arts |
Sport |
There are 1,340 [1] [2] recognised ethnic groups in Indonesia. The vast majority of those belong to the Austronesian peoples, with a sizeable minority being Melanesians. [3] [4] [5] [6] Indonesia has the world's largest number of Austronesians and Melanesians.
Based on ethnic classification, the largest ethnic group in Indonesia is the Javanese who make up about 40% of the total population. The Javanese are concentrated on the island of Java, particularly in the central and eastern parts. It is also the largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia. The Sundanese are the next largest group; their homeland is located in the western part of the island of Java and the southern edge of Sumatra. The Sunda Strait is named after them. [7] The Malays, Batak, Madurese, Betawi, Minangkabau, and Bugis are the next largest groups in the country. [8]
Many ethnic groups, particularly in Kalimantan and Papua, have only hundreds of members. Most of the local languages belong to the Austronesian language family, although a significant number of people, particularly in eastern Indonesia, speak unrelated Papuan languages. Indonesians of Chinese, Arab and Indian descent each make up less than 3% of the total Indonesian population. [8]
The classification of ethnic groups in Indonesia is not rigid and in some cases unclear due to migrations, cultural and linguistic influences; for example, some may consider the Bantenese to be members of the Sundanese people; however, others argue that they are different ethnic groups altogether since they have their own distinct dialects. This is also the case with the Baduy people, who share many cultural similarities with the Sundanese people. An example of hybrid ethnicity is the Betawi people, descended not only from marriages between different peoples native to Indonesia, but also intermarriages with Arab, Chinese and Indian migrants since the era of colonial Batavia (modern-day Jakarta).
Number and percentage of population of ethnic groups with more than a million members according to the 2010 census. [9] [a]
The proportions of Indonesian ethnic groups according to the (2000 census) are as follows. [10] Some ethnic groups which are now recognized as being distinct were subsumed under larger umbrella groups up until 2001. Since the 2010 census, they are counted separately.
Most ethnic groups are indigenous to certain regions of Indonesia. Due to migration within Indonesia (as part of government transmigration programs or otherwise), significant proportions of those ethnic groups reside outside of their traditional regions.
Throughout Indonesian history, various ethnic groups of foreign origin spread throughout Indonesia in several migration waves, and usually established themselves in urban centres, seldom settling rural parts of the country.
According to the United Nations, there were 355,505 international migrants in Indonesia in 2020. Their most common countries of origin were as follows:
International migrants in Indonesia in 2020 | |
---|---|
China | 76,028
|
South Korea | 33,580
|
United Kingdom | 32,911
|
Singapore | 23,681
|
Japan | 19,879
|
United States | 12,697
|
India | 12,590
|
Australia | 11,400
|
Pakistan | 8,645
|
Netherlands | 7,306
|
Philippines | 4,230
|
Source: "International Migrant Stock 2020: Destination and origin". United Nations. 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2023. |
{{
cite book}}
: |website=
ignored (
help)