This is a non-exhaustive chronology of
colonialism-related events, which may reflect political events, cultural events, and important global events that have influenced colonization and
decolonization. See also
Timeline of imperialism.
146 B.C
North Africa: The city of
Carthage fell into the hands of the
Roman Republic after the final attack led by
Scipio the Younger. The city was destroyed and the remaining 50,000 Carthaginian citizens were sold into slavery. This battle ended the
Punic Wars and practically ceded the remainder of Carthage's territory to the Roman Republic.
55 B.C Great Britain: The first Roman invasion of Britain took place when
Julius Caesar and his legions landed on the British coast but were soon pushed from the area. He would return the following year with a much larger force and made better progress. However, Caesar would ultimately make peace with the British people and the Roman Republic would commence trade with them.[1] Later Roman invasions would prove more successful.
821 Ireland: The first recorded Viking raid in Irish history occurred in AD 795 when Vikings, possibly from Norway looted the island of Lambay. The Viking raids on Ireland resumed in 821, the Vikings began to establish fortified encampments, longports, along the Irish coast and overwintering in Ireland instead of retreating to Scandinavia or British bases. The first known longports were at Linn Dúachaill (Annagassan) and Duiblinn (on the River Liffey, at or near present Dublin).
865 Great Britain: The first known account of a Viking raid in Anglo-Saxon England comes from 789, when three ships from Hordaland (in modern Norway) landed in the Isle of Portland on the southern coast of Wessex. From 865 the Norse attitude towards Great Britain changed, as they began to see it as a place for potential colonisation rather than simply a place to raid. As a result of this, larger armies began arriving on Britain's shores, with the intention of conquering land and constructing settlements there. Norse armies
captured York in 867.
1455:
Papal BullRomanus Pontifex grants a trade monopoly for newly discovered countries in Africa and Asia to the Portuguese.
1474:
João Vaz Corte-Real, a Portuguese navigator, claims to have discovered the New Land of the Codfish, an unidentified island of which there is some speculation that it might be
Newfoundland, in present-day Canada.
1494:
Treaty of Tordesillas dividing the world outside of Europe in an exclusive duopoly between the
Spanish and the
Portuguese empires along a north–south meridian 370 leagues west of the
Cape Verde islands (off the west coast of Africa), roughly 46° 36' W. (This boundary was known as the Line of Demarcation.) The lands to the east would belong to Portugal and the lands to the west to Spain.
1963: Assassination of
Sylvanus Olympio on January 13, first president of
Togo; he is replaced by
Gnassingbé Eyadéma, who ruled over Togo until his death in 2005.
Benjamin, Thomas. Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450 (3 vol. 2006)
Hodge, Carl Cavanagh. Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800-1914 (2 vol. 2007)
Lehning, James. European Colonialism since 1700 (2013)
Morris, Richard B. and Graham W. Irwin, eds. Harper Encyclopedia of the Modern World: A Concise Reference History from 1760 to the Present (1970)
online
Page, Melvin E. et al. eds. Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia (3 vol. 2003)
This is a non-exhaustive chronology of
colonialism-related events, which may reflect political events, cultural events, and important global events that have influenced colonization and
decolonization. See also
Timeline of imperialism.
146 B.C
North Africa: The city of
Carthage fell into the hands of the
Roman Republic after the final attack led by
Scipio the Younger. The city was destroyed and the remaining 50,000 Carthaginian citizens were sold into slavery. This battle ended the
Punic Wars and practically ceded the remainder of Carthage's territory to the Roman Republic.
55 B.C Great Britain: The first Roman invasion of Britain took place when
Julius Caesar and his legions landed on the British coast but were soon pushed from the area. He would return the following year with a much larger force and made better progress. However, Caesar would ultimately make peace with the British people and the Roman Republic would commence trade with them.[1] Later Roman invasions would prove more successful.
821 Ireland: The first recorded Viking raid in Irish history occurred in AD 795 when Vikings, possibly from Norway looted the island of Lambay. The Viking raids on Ireland resumed in 821, the Vikings began to establish fortified encampments, longports, along the Irish coast and overwintering in Ireland instead of retreating to Scandinavia or British bases. The first known longports were at Linn Dúachaill (Annagassan) and Duiblinn (on the River Liffey, at or near present Dublin).
865 Great Britain: The first known account of a Viking raid in Anglo-Saxon England comes from 789, when three ships from Hordaland (in modern Norway) landed in the Isle of Portland on the southern coast of Wessex. From 865 the Norse attitude towards Great Britain changed, as they began to see it as a place for potential colonisation rather than simply a place to raid. As a result of this, larger armies began arriving on Britain's shores, with the intention of conquering land and constructing settlements there. Norse armies
captured York in 867.
1455:
Papal BullRomanus Pontifex grants a trade monopoly for newly discovered countries in Africa and Asia to the Portuguese.
1474:
João Vaz Corte-Real, a Portuguese navigator, claims to have discovered the New Land of the Codfish, an unidentified island of which there is some speculation that it might be
Newfoundland, in present-day Canada.
1494:
Treaty of Tordesillas dividing the world outside of Europe in an exclusive duopoly between the
Spanish and the
Portuguese empires along a north–south meridian 370 leagues west of the
Cape Verde islands (off the west coast of Africa), roughly 46° 36' W. (This boundary was known as the Line of Demarcation.) The lands to the east would belong to Portugal and the lands to the west to Spain.
1963: Assassination of
Sylvanus Olympio on January 13, first president of
Togo; he is replaced by
Gnassingbé Eyadéma, who ruled over Togo until his death in 2005.
Benjamin, Thomas. Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450 (3 vol. 2006)
Hodge, Carl Cavanagh. Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800-1914 (2 vol. 2007)
Lehning, James. European Colonialism since 1700 (2013)
Morris, Richard B. and Graham W. Irwin, eds. Harper Encyclopedia of the Modern World: A Concise Reference History from 1760 to the Present (1970)
online
Page, Melvin E. et al. eds. Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia (3 vol. 2003)