1st Federal Parliament of Nepal | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
Overview | |||||
Legislative body | Federal Parliament of Nepal | ||||
Term | 4 March 2018 | – 18 September 2022||||
Election |
2017 general elections 2018, 2020, 2022 National Assembly elections | ||||
Government |
Oli cabinet, 2018 Fifth Deuba Cabinet | ||||
Website |
www | ||||
House of Representatives | |||||
Members | 275 | ||||
Speaker of the House |
Krishna Bahadur Mahara (until 1 October 2019) Agni Prasad Sapkota (from 26 January 2020) | ||||
Deputy Speaker |
Shiva Maya Tumbahamphe (until 20 January 2020) Pushpa Bhusal Gautam (from 15 July 2022) | ||||
Leader of the House |
Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli,
CPN (UML) (until 13 July 2021) Sher Bahadur Deuba, Congress (from 13 July 2021) | ||||
Leader of the Opposition |
Sher Bahadur Deuba,
Congress (until 13 July 2021) Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli, CPN (UML) (from 13 July 2021) | ||||
Party control |
Government (158)
External Support (18)
Opposition (93) Vacant (4)
| ||||
National Assembly | |||||
Members | 59 | ||||
Chairperson | Ganesh Prasad Timilsina | ||||
Vice-chairperson |
Shashikala Dahal (until 4 March 2022) vacant (since 4 March 2022) | ||||
Party control |
Government (39)
External Support (2)
Opposition (17) |
The First Federal Parliament of Nepal, consisting of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, was elected via the 2017 legislative, provincial and local elections.
165 members were elected via first-past-the-post system [6] and 110 through the proportional representation system to form the 275-member House of Representatives for a five-year term. On 7 February 2018, the provincial electoral colleges, composed of provincial assembly members elected in the provincial elections and chairs and deputy-chairs of local administrative units elected in the local elections, elected eight members each, for a total of 56 elected members, and three more were appointed by the President as nominated by the government, to form the 59 member National Assembly. The National Assembly members drew lots to determine the thirds whose terms would be of two, four and six years respectively.
On 23 January 2020, the National Assembly electoral college met for the second time to elect 18 of the 19 Class I members. [7] The electoral college met again on 26 January 2022 to elect 20 members of the 2nd Class. [8]
The House of Representatives was dissolved on 20 December 2020 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari on the request of Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli's cabinet. [9] The House was reinstated on 24 February 2021 following a decision by the Supreme Court of Nepal. [10] The House of Representatives was again dissolved on 22 May 2021 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari and was reinstated again on 12 July 2021 by the Supreme Court. [11] [12] The parliament was dissolved on 18 September 2022 after completing its five-year term. [13] [14]
Party | After election | At dissolution | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FPTH | Prop. | Total | FPTH | Prop. | Total | +/– | ||
Registered parliamentary parties | ||||||||
CPN (UML) [d] | 81 | 41 | 121 | 68 | 28 | 96 | 25 | |
Nepali Congress | 23 | 40 | 63 | 23 | 40 | 62 | 1 | |
CPN (Maoist Centre) [d] | 36 | 17 | 53 | 32 | 17 | 49 [e] | 4 | |
CPN (Unified Socialist) [f] | — | — | — | 12 | 13 | 25 | 25 | |
People's Socialist Party [g] | — | — | — | 13 | 8 | 19 | 19 | |
Loktantrik Samajwadi Party [h] | — | — | — | 9 | 4 | 13 | 13 | |
Nepal Socialist Party | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | |
Others | ||||||||
Rastriya Prajatantra Party [i] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | ||
Rastriya Janamorcha [i] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | ||
Nepal Workers Peasants Party [i] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | ||
Independent | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | ||
Former parties | ||||||||
Rastriya Janata Party Nepal [g] | 11 | 6 | 17 | — | — | — | 17 | |
Federal Socialist Forum [j] | 10 | 6 | 16 | — | — | — | 16 | |
Naya Shakti Party, Nepal [i] [j] | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | |
Suspended | — | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | 3 | |
Vacant | — | — | — | 4 | — | 4 | 4 | |
Total | 165 | 110 | 275 | 161 | 110 | 271 |
People's Socialist Party (19) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency/ PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
Saptari 2 | Upendra Yadav [l] | Parliamentary party Leader |
Sarlahi 1 | Pramod Sah [m] | Chief Whip |
Indigenous peoples | Amrita Agrahari [m] | |
Gorkha 2 | Baburam Bhattarai [n] | |
Khas Arya | Lila Devi Sitaula | |
Sarlahi 2 | Mahindra Ray Yadav [m] | |
Banke 2 | Mohammad Estiyak Rai [l] | |
Khas Arya | Nar Maya Dhakal [m] | |
Parsa 1 | Pradeep Yadav [l] | |
Siraha 4 | Raj Kishor Yadav [m] | |
Indigenous peoples | Rajendra Prasad Shrestha [l] | |
Bara 2 | Ram Sahaya Yadav [l] | |
Bara 3 | Rambabu Kumar Yadav [l] | |
Indigenous peoples | Rani Mandal [m] | |
Madheshi | Renu Kumari Yadav [l] | |
Indigenous peoples | Renuka Gurung [l] | |
Muslim | Ruhi Naaj [l] | |
Mahottari 4 | Surendra Kumar Yadav [l] | |
Saptari 1 | Surya Narayan Yadav [l] |
Loktantrik Samajwadi Party (13) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency/ PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
Mahottari 3 | Mahanta Thakur [m] | Parliamentary party Leader |
Dhanusha 2 | Uma Shankar Aragriya [l] | Chief Whip |
Parsa 2 | Bimal Prasad Shrivastav [l] | President of Industry, Commerce, Labour and Consumer Interest Committee |
Parsa 4 | Laxman Lal Karna [m] | President of Parliamentary Hearing Committee |
Rautahat 1 | Anil Kumar Jha [m] | |
Madheshi | Chanda Chaudhary [m] | |
Saptari 3 | Chandra Kanta Chaudhary [m] | |
Dalit | Dulari Devi Khanga [m] | |
Bara 4 | Iqbal Miya [m] | |
Dalit | Kalu Devi Biswokarma [l] | |
Khas Arya | Nirjala Raut [m] | |
Dhanusha 3 | Rajendra Mahato [m] | |
Mahottari 2 | Sharat Singh Bhandari [m] |
Rastriya Prajatantra Party (1) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency/ PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
Jhapa 3 | Rajendra Prasad Lingden |
Rastriya Janamorcha (1) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency/ PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
Pyuthan 1 | Durga Poudel |
Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party (1) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency/ PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
Bhaktapur 1 | Prem Suwal |
Independent (1) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency/ PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
Humla 1 | Chakka Bahadur Lama |
Constituency/ PR group | Name | Party | Date of suspension | Reason | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kailali 1 | Resham Lal Chaudhary | Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 3 January 2019 | Suspended following murder charges [28] | |
Parsa 3 | Hari Narayan Rauniyar | Federal Socialist Forum | 8 October 2019 | Suspendend following graft charges [29] | |
Rautahat 2 | Mohammad Aftab Alam | Nepali Congress | 14 October 2019 | Suspended following murder charges [30] |
By-elections are held for seats that become vacant or members elected through proportional representation are replaced from the party list.
Constituency/ PR group | Incumbent | Replacement | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Party | Date vacated | Reason | Name | Party | Date elected | Change | |||
Kaski 2 | Rabindra Prasad Adhikari | Nepal Communist Party [o] | 27 February 2019 | Death [31] | Bidya Bhattarai | Nepal Communist Party | 30 November 2019 | By-election | ||
Indigenous peoples | Gyan Kumari Chantyal | Nepali Congress | 1 July 2020 | Death [32] | Subarna Jwarchan [33] | Nepali Congress | 19 July 2020 | List | ||
Khas Arya | Sarita Giri | People's Socialist Party, Nepal [l] | 9 July 2020 | Sacked for disobeying party whip [34] | Lila Devi Sitaula [35] | People's Socialist Party | 29 July 2020 | List | ||
Dalit | Sanu Siva | CPN (UML) | 14 October 2020 | Death [36] | Janaki Devi Ram [37] | CPN (UML) | 4 April 2021 | List | ||
Khas Arya | Surya Bahadur K.C. | Nepali Congress | 4 November 2020 | Death [38] | Mohan Prasad Pandey [39] | Nepali Congress | 23 November 2020 | List | ||
Kailali 3 | Gauri Shankar Chaudhary | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 8 April 2021 | Expelled for joining CPN (UML) [40] | ||||||
Arghakhanchi 1 | Top Bahadur Rayamajhi | |||||||||
Kailali 4 | Lekhraj Bhatta | |||||||||
Rautahat 3 | Prabhu Sah |
Party | After 2018 election | After 2020 election | After 2022 election | At time of dissolution of HoR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CPN (UML) | 29 | — | 17 | 18 [c] | |
CPN (Maoist Centre) | 13 | — | 16 | 16 [a] | |
Nepali Congress | 13 | 6 | 10 | 10 | |
CPN (Unified Socialist) | — | — | 9 | 9 [b] | |
People's Socialist Party | — | — | 3 | 3 | |
Loktantrik Samajwadi Party [42] | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
Rastriya Janamorcha | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
Independent | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
Nepal Communist Party | — | 50 | — | — | |
Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 2 | 2 | — | — | |
Federal Socialist Forum | 2 | — | — | — | |
Samajbadi Party | — | 1 | — | — | |
Total | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 |
1st Federal Parliament of Nepal | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
Overview | |||||
Legislative body | Federal Parliament of Nepal | ||||
Term | 4 March 2018 | – 18 September 2022||||
Election |
2017 general elections 2018, 2020, 2022 National Assembly elections | ||||
Government |
Oli cabinet, 2018 Fifth Deuba Cabinet | ||||
Website |
www | ||||
House of Representatives | |||||
Members | 275 | ||||
Speaker of the House |
Krishna Bahadur Mahara (until 1 October 2019) Agni Prasad Sapkota (from 26 January 2020) | ||||
Deputy Speaker |
Shiva Maya Tumbahamphe (until 20 January 2020) Pushpa Bhusal Gautam (from 15 July 2022) | ||||
Leader of the House |
Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli,
CPN (UML) (until 13 July 2021) Sher Bahadur Deuba, Congress (from 13 July 2021) | ||||
Leader of the Opposition |
Sher Bahadur Deuba,
Congress (until 13 July 2021) Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli, CPN (UML) (from 13 July 2021) | ||||
Party control |
Government (158)
External Support (18)
Opposition (93) Vacant (4)
| ||||
National Assembly | |||||
Members | 59 | ||||
Chairperson | Ganesh Prasad Timilsina | ||||
Vice-chairperson |
Shashikala Dahal (until 4 March 2022) vacant (since 4 March 2022) | ||||
Party control |
Government (39)
External Support (2)
Opposition (17) |
The First Federal Parliament of Nepal, consisting of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, was elected via the 2017 legislative, provincial and local elections.
165 members were elected via first-past-the-post system [6] and 110 through the proportional representation system to form the 275-member House of Representatives for a five-year term. On 7 February 2018, the provincial electoral colleges, composed of provincial assembly members elected in the provincial elections and chairs and deputy-chairs of local administrative units elected in the local elections, elected eight members each, for a total of 56 elected members, and three more were appointed by the President as nominated by the government, to form the 59 member National Assembly. The National Assembly members drew lots to determine the thirds whose terms would be of two, four and six years respectively.
On 23 January 2020, the National Assembly electoral college met for the second time to elect 18 of the 19 Class I members. [7] The electoral college met again on 26 January 2022 to elect 20 members of the 2nd Class. [8]
The House of Representatives was dissolved on 20 December 2020 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari on the request of Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli's cabinet. [9] The House was reinstated on 24 February 2021 following a decision by the Supreme Court of Nepal. [10] The House of Representatives was again dissolved on 22 May 2021 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari and was reinstated again on 12 July 2021 by the Supreme Court. [11] [12] The parliament was dissolved on 18 September 2022 after completing its five-year term. [13] [14]
Party | After election | At dissolution | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FPTH | Prop. | Total | FPTH | Prop. | Total | +/– | ||
Registered parliamentary parties | ||||||||
CPN (UML) [d] | 81 | 41 | 121 | 68 | 28 | 96 | 25 | |
Nepali Congress | 23 | 40 | 63 | 23 | 40 | 62 | 1 | |
CPN (Maoist Centre) [d] | 36 | 17 | 53 | 32 | 17 | 49 [e] | 4 | |
CPN (Unified Socialist) [f] | — | — | — | 12 | 13 | 25 | 25 | |
People's Socialist Party [g] | — | — | — | 13 | 8 | 19 | 19 | |
Loktantrik Samajwadi Party [h] | — | — | — | 9 | 4 | 13 | 13 | |
Nepal Socialist Party | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | |
Others | ||||||||
Rastriya Prajatantra Party [i] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | ||
Rastriya Janamorcha [i] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | ||
Nepal Workers Peasants Party [i] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | ||
Independent | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | ||
Former parties | ||||||||
Rastriya Janata Party Nepal [g] | 11 | 6 | 17 | — | — | — | 17 | |
Federal Socialist Forum [j] | 10 | 6 | 16 | — | — | — | 16 | |
Naya Shakti Party, Nepal [i] [j] | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | |
Suspended | — | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | 3 | |
Vacant | — | — | — | 4 | — | 4 | 4 | |
Total | 165 | 110 | 275 | 161 | 110 | 271 |
People's Socialist Party (19) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency/ PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
Saptari 2 | Upendra Yadav [l] | Parliamentary party Leader |
Sarlahi 1 | Pramod Sah [m] | Chief Whip |
Indigenous peoples | Amrita Agrahari [m] | |
Gorkha 2 | Baburam Bhattarai [n] | |
Khas Arya | Lila Devi Sitaula | |
Sarlahi 2 | Mahindra Ray Yadav [m] | |
Banke 2 | Mohammad Estiyak Rai [l] | |
Khas Arya | Nar Maya Dhakal [m] | |
Parsa 1 | Pradeep Yadav [l] | |
Siraha 4 | Raj Kishor Yadav [m] | |
Indigenous peoples | Rajendra Prasad Shrestha [l] | |
Bara 2 | Ram Sahaya Yadav [l] | |
Bara 3 | Rambabu Kumar Yadav [l] | |
Indigenous peoples | Rani Mandal [m] | |
Madheshi | Renu Kumari Yadav [l] | |
Indigenous peoples | Renuka Gurung [l] | |
Muslim | Ruhi Naaj [l] | |
Mahottari 4 | Surendra Kumar Yadav [l] | |
Saptari 1 | Surya Narayan Yadav [l] |
Loktantrik Samajwadi Party (13) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency/ PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
Mahottari 3 | Mahanta Thakur [m] | Parliamentary party Leader |
Dhanusha 2 | Uma Shankar Aragriya [l] | Chief Whip |
Parsa 2 | Bimal Prasad Shrivastav [l] | President of Industry, Commerce, Labour and Consumer Interest Committee |
Parsa 4 | Laxman Lal Karna [m] | President of Parliamentary Hearing Committee |
Rautahat 1 | Anil Kumar Jha [m] | |
Madheshi | Chanda Chaudhary [m] | |
Saptari 3 | Chandra Kanta Chaudhary [m] | |
Dalit | Dulari Devi Khanga [m] | |
Bara 4 | Iqbal Miya [m] | |
Dalit | Kalu Devi Biswokarma [l] | |
Khas Arya | Nirjala Raut [m] | |
Dhanusha 3 | Rajendra Mahato [m] | |
Mahottari 2 | Sharat Singh Bhandari [m] |
Rastriya Prajatantra Party (1) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency/ PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
Jhapa 3 | Rajendra Prasad Lingden |
Rastriya Janamorcha (1) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency/ PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
Pyuthan 1 | Durga Poudel |
Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party (1) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency/ PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
Bhaktapur 1 | Prem Suwal |
Independent (1) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency/ PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
Humla 1 | Chakka Bahadur Lama |
Constituency/ PR group | Name | Party | Date of suspension | Reason | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kailali 1 | Resham Lal Chaudhary | Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 3 January 2019 | Suspended following murder charges [28] | |
Parsa 3 | Hari Narayan Rauniyar | Federal Socialist Forum | 8 October 2019 | Suspendend following graft charges [29] | |
Rautahat 2 | Mohammad Aftab Alam | Nepali Congress | 14 October 2019 | Suspended following murder charges [30] |
By-elections are held for seats that become vacant or members elected through proportional representation are replaced from the party list.
Constituency/ PR group | Incumbent | Replacement | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Party | Date vacated | Reason | Name | Party | Date elected | Change | |||
Kaski 2 | Rabindra Prasad Adhikari | Nepal Communist Party [o] | 27 February 2019 | Death [31] | Bidya Bhattarai | Nepal Communist Party | 30 November 2019 | By-election | ||
Indigenous peoples | Gyan Kumari Chantyal | Nepali Congress | 1 July 2020 | Death [32] | Subarna Jwarchan [33] | Nepali Congress | 19 July 2020 | List | ||
Khas Arya | Sarita Giri | People's Socialist Party, Nepal [l] | 9 July 2020 | Sacked for disobeying party whip [34] | Lila Devi Sitaula [35] | People's Socialist Party | 29 July 2020 | List | ||
Dalit | Sanu Siva | CPN (UML) | 14 October 2020 | Death [36] | Janaki Devi Ram [37] | CPN (UML) | 4 April 2021 | List | ||
Khas Arya | Surya Bahadur K.C. | Nepali Congress | 4 November 2020 | Death [38] | Mohan Prasad Pandey [39] | Nepali Congress | 23 November 2020 | List | ||
Kailali 3 | Gauri Shankar Chaudhary | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 8 April 2021 | Expelled for joining CPN (UML) [40] | ||||||
Arghakhanchi 1 | Top Bahadur Rayamajhi | |||||||||
Kailali 4 | Lekhraj Bhatta | |||||||||
Rautahat 3 | Prabhu Sah |
Party | After 2018 election | After 2020 election | After 2022 election | At time of dissolution of HoR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CPN (UML) | 29 | — | 17 | 18 [c] | |
CPN (Maoist Centre) | 13 | — | 16 | 16 [a] | |
Nepali Congress | 13 | 6 | 10 | 10 | |
CPN (Unified Socialist) | — | — | 9 | 9 [b] | |
People's Socialist Party | — | — | 3 | 3 | |
Loktantrik Samajwadi Party [42] | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
Rastriya Janamorcha | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
Independent | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
Nepal Communist Party | — | 50 | — | — | |
Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 2 | 2 | — | — | |
Federal Socialist Forum | 2 | — | — | — | |
Samajbadi Party | — | 1 | — | — | |
Total | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 |