Greek alphabet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Use in other languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Related topics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lambda ( /ˈlæmdə/; [1] uppercase Λ, lowercase λ; Greek: λάμ(β)δα, lám(b)da) is the eleventh letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiced alveolar lateral approximant IPA: [l]. In the system of Greek numerals, lambda has a value of 30. Lambda is derived from the Phoenician Lamed. Lambda gave rise to the Latin L and the Cyrillic El (Л). The ancient grammarians and dramatists give evidence to the pronunciation as [laːbdaː] (λάβδα) in Classical Greek times. [2] In Modern Greek, the name of the letter, Λάμδα, is pronounced [ˈlam.ða].
In early Greek alphabets, the shape and orientation of lambda varied. [3] Most variants consisted of two straight strokes, one longer than the other, connected at their ends. The angle might be in the upper-left, lower-left ("Western" alphabets) or top ("Eastern" alphabets). Other variants had a vertical line with a horizontal or sloped stroke running to the right. With the general adoption of the Ionic alphabet, Greek settled on an angle at the top; the Romans put the angle at the lower-left.
The HTML 4 character entity references for the Greek capital and small letter lambda are Λ
and λ
respectively.
[4] The Unicode code points for lambda are U+039B and U+03BB.
This section has multiple issues. Please help
improve it or discuss these issues on the
talk page. (
Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Examples of the symbolic use of uppercase lambda include:
This section has multiple issues. Please help
improve it or discuss these issues on the
talk page. (
Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Examples of the symbolic use of lowercase lambda include:
The Roman libra and Byzantine lítra (λίτρα), which served as both the pound mass unit and liter volume unit, were abbreviated in Greek using lambda with modified forms of the iota subscript ⟨λͅ⟩. These are variously encoded in Unicode. The Ancient Greek Numbers Unicode block includes 10183 GREEK LITRA SIGN (𐆃) as well as 𐅢, which is described as 10162 GREEK ACROPHONIC HERMIONIAN TEN [16] but was much more common as a form of the litra sign. A variant of the sign can be formed from 0338 COMBINING LONG SOLIDUS OVERLAY and either 039B GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA (Λ̸) or 03BB GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA (λ̸). [17]
Unicode uses the (Modern Greek-based) spelling "lamda" in character names, instead of "lambda", due to "the pre-existing names in ISO 8859-7, as well as preferences expressed by the Greek National Body". [18]
Preview | Λ | λ | ᴧ | Ⲗ | ⲗ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA | GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA | GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL LAMDA | COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER LAULA | COPTIC SMALL LETTER LAULA | |||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 923 | U+039B | 955 | U+03BB | 7463 | U+1D27 | 11414 | U+2C96 | 11415 | U+2C97 |
UTF-8 | 206 155 | CE 9B | 206 187 | CE BB | 225 180 167 | E1 B4 A7 | 226 178 150 | E2 B2 96 | 226 178 151 | E2 B2 97 |
Numeric character reference | Λ |
Λ |
λ |
λ |
ᴧ |
ᴧ |
Ⲗ |
Ⲗ |
ⲗ |
ⲗ |
Named character reference | Λ | λ | ||||||||
DOS Greek | 138 | 8A | 162 | A2 | ||||||
DOS Greek-2 | 182 | B6 | 229 | E5 | ||||||
Windows-1253 | 203 | CB | 235 | EB | ||||||
TeX | \Lambda | \lambda |
Preview | 𝚲 | 𝛌 | 𝛬 | 𝜆 | 𝜦 | 𝝀 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL LAMDA | ||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120498 | U+1D6B2 | 120524 | U+1D6CC | 120556 | U+1D6EC | 120582 | U+1D706 | 120614 | U+1D726 | 120640 | U+1D740 |
UTF-8 | 240 157 154 178 | F0 9D 9A B2 | 240 157 155 140 | F0 9D 9B 8C | 240 157 155 172 | F0 9D 9B AC | 240 157 156 134 | F0 9D 9C 86 | 240 157 156 166 | F0 9D 9C A6 | 240 157 157 128 | F0 9D 9D 80 |
UTF-16 | 55349 57010 | D835 DEB2 | 55349 57036 | D835 DECC | 55349 57068 | D835 DEEC | 55349 57094 | D835 DF06 | 55349 57126 | D835 DF26 | 55349 57152 | D835 DF40 |
Numeric character reference | 𝚲 |
𝚲 |
𝛌 |
𝛌 |
𝛬 |
𝛬 |
𝜆 |
𝜆 |
𝜦 |
𝜦 |
𝝀 |
𝝀 |
Preview | 𝝠 | 𝝺 | 𝞚 | 𝞴 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL LAMDA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120672 | U+1D760 | 120698 | U+1D77A | 120730 | U+1D79A | 120756 | U+1D7B4 |
UTF-8 | 240 157 157 160 | F0 9D 9D A0 | 240 157 157 186 | F0 9D 9D BA | 240 157 158 154 | F0 9D 9E 9A | 240 157 158 180 | F0 9D 9E B4 |
UTF-16 | 55349 57184 | D835 DF60 | 55349 57210 | D835 DF7A | 55349 57242 | D835 DF9A | 55349 57268 | D835 DFB4 |
Numeric character reference | 𝝠 |
𝝠 |
𝝺 |
𝝺 |
𝞚 |
𝞚 |
𝞴 |
𝞴 |
These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.
Greek alphabet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Use in other languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Related topics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lambda ( /ˈlæmdə/; [1] uppercase Λ, lowercase λ; Greek: λάμ(β)δα, lám(b)da) is the eleventh letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiced alveolar lateral approximant IPA: [l]. In the system of Greek numerals, lambda has a value of 30. Lambda is derived from the Phoenician Lamed. Lambda gave rise to the Latin L and the Cyrillic El (Л). The ancient grammarians and dramatists give evidence to the pronunciation as [laːbdaː] (λάβδα) in Classical Greek times. [2] In Modern Greek, the name of the letter, Λάμδα, is pronounced [ˈlam.ða].
In early Greek alphabets, the shape and orientation of lambda varied. [3] Most variants consisted of two straight strokes, one longer than the other, connected at their ends. The angle might be in the upper-left, lower-left ("Western" alphabets) or top ("Eastern" alphabets). Other variants had a vertical line with a horizontal or sloped stroke running to the right. With the general adoption of the Ionic alphabet, Greek settled on an angle at the top; the Romans put the angle at the lower-left.
The HTML 4 character entity references for the Greek capital and small letter lambda are Λ
and λ
respectively.
[4] The Unicode code points for lambda are U+039B and U+03BB.
This section has multiple issues. Please help
improve it or discuss these issues on the
talk page. (
Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Examples of the symbolic use of uppercase lambda include:
This section has multiple issues. Please help
improve it or discuss these issues on the
talk page. (
Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Examples of the symbolic use of lowercase lambda include:
The Roman libra and Byzantine lítra (λίτρα), which served as both the pound mass unit and liter volume unit, were abbreviated in Greek using lambda with modified forms of the iota subscript ⟨λͅ⟩. These are variously encoded in Unicode. The Ancient Greek Numbers Unicode block includes 10183 GREEK LITRA SIGN (𐆃) as well as 𐅢, which is described as 10162 GREEK ACROPHONIC HERMIONIAN TEN [16] but was much more common as a form of the litra sign. A variant of the sign can be formed from 0338 COMBINING LONG SOLIDUS OVERLAY and either 039B GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA (Λ̸) or 03BB GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA (λ̸). [17]
Unicode uses the (Modern Greek-based) spelling "lamda" in character names, instead of "lambda", due to "the pre-existing names in ISO 8859-7, as well as preferences expressed by the Greek National Body". [18]
Preview | Λ | λ | ᴧ | Ⲗ | ⲗ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA | GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA | GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL LAMDA | COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER LAULA | COPTIC SMALL LETTER LAULA | |||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 923 | U+039B | 955 | U+03BB | 7463 | U+1D27 | 11414 | U+2C96 | 11415 | U+2C97 |
UTF-8 | 206 155 | CE 9B | 206 187 | CE BB | 225 180 167 | E1 B4 A7 | 226 178 150 | E2 B2 96 | 226 178 151 | E2 B2 97 |
Numeric character reference | Λ |
Λ |
λ |
λ |
ᴧ |
ᴧ |
Ⲗ |
Ⲗ |
ⲗ |
ⲗ |
Named character reference | Λ | λ | ||||||||
DOS Greek | 138 | 8A | 162 | A2 | ||||||
DOS Greek-2 | 182 | B6 | 229 | E5 | ||||||
Windows-1253 | 203 | CB | 235 | EB | ||||||
TeX | \Lambda | \lambda |
Preview | 𝚲 | 𝛌 | 𝛬 | 𝜆 | 𝜦 | 𝝀 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL LAMDA | ||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120498 | U+1D6B2 | 120524 | U+1D6CC | 120556 | U+1D6EC | 120582 | U+1D706 | 120614 | U+1D726 | 120640 | U+1D740 |
UTF-8 | 240 157 154 178 | F0 9D 9A B2 | 240 157 155 140 | F0 9D 9B 8C | 240 157 155 172 | F0 9D 9B AC | 240 157 156 134 | F0 9D 9C 86 | 240 157 156 166 | F0 9D 9C A6 | 240 157 157 128 | F0 9D 9D 80 |
UTF-16 | 55349 57010 | D835 DEB2 | 55349 57036 | D835 DECC | 55349 57068 | D835 DEEC | 55349 57094 | D835 DF06 | 55349 57126 | D835 DF26 | 55349 57152 | D835 DF40 |
Numeric character reference | 𝚲 |
𝚲 |
𝛌 |
𝛌 |
𝛬 |
𝛬 |
𝜆 |
𝜆 |
𝜦 |
𝜦 |
𝝀 |
𝝀 |
Preview | 𝝠 | 𝝺 | 𝞚 | 𝞴 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA |
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL LAMDA | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 120672 | U+1D760 | 120698 | U+1D77A | 120730 | U+1D79A | 120756 | U+1D7B4 |
UTF-8 | 240 157 157 160 | F0 9D 9D A0 | 240 157 157 186 | F0 9D 9D BA | 240 157 158 154 | F0 9D 9E 9A | 240 157 158 180 | F0 9D 9E B4 |
UTF-16 | 55349 57184 | D835 DF60 | 55349 57210 | D835 DF7A | 55349 57242 | D835 DF9A | 55349 57268 | D835 DFB4 |
Numeric character reference | 𝝠 |
𝝠 |
𝝺 |
𝝺 |
𝞚 |
𝞚 |
𝞴 |
𝞴 |
These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.